Surface Freshwater Fluxes in the Arctic and Subarctic Seas during Contrasting Years of High and Low Summer Sea Ice Extent
Freshwater (FW) flux between the Arctic Ocean and adjacent waterways, predominantly driven by wind and oceanic currents, influences halocline stability and annual sea ice variability which further impacts global circulation and climate. The Arctic recently experienced anomalous years of high and low...
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13081570 |
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ftmdpi:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/13/8/1570/ 2023-08-20T04:03:36+02:00 Surface Freshwater Fluxes in the Arctic and Subarctic Seas during Contrasting Years of High and Low Summer Sea Ice Extent Sarah B. Hall Bulusu Subrahmanyam Ebenezer S. Nyadjro Annette Samuelsen 2021-04-18 application/pdf https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13081570 EN eng Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute Ocean Remote Sensing https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13081570 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Remote Sensing; Volume 13; Issue 8; Pages: 1570 arctic subarctic seas freshwater flux sea ice concentration sea surface salinity sea surface temperature SMOS SMAP Text 2021 ftmdpi https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13081570 2023-08-01T01:31:50Z Freshwater (FW) flux between the Arctic Ocean and adjacent waterways, predominantly driven by wind and oceanic currents, influences halocline stability and annual sea ice variability which further impacts global circulation and climate. The Arctic recently experienced anomalous years of high and low sea ice extent in the summers of 2013/2014 and 2012/2016, respectively. Here we investigate the interannual variability of oceanic surface FW flux in relation to spatial and temporal variability in sea ice concentration (SIC), sea surface salinity (SSS), and sea surface temperature (SST), focusing on years with summer sea–ice extremes. Our analysis between 2010–2018 illustrate high parameter variability, especially within the Laptev, Kara, and Barents seas, as well as an overall decreasing trend of FW flux through the Fram Strait. We find that in 2012, a maximum average FW flux of 0.32 × 103 ms−1 in October passed over a large portion of the Northeast Atlantic Ocean at 53°N. This study highlights recent changes in the Arctic and Subarctic Seas and the importance of continued monitoring of key variables through remote sensing to understand the dynamics behind these ongoing changes. Observations of FW fluxes through major Arctic routes will be increasingly important as the polar regions become more susceptible to warming, with major impacts on global climate. Text Arctic Arctic Ocean Fram Strait laptev Northeast Atlantic Sea ice Subarctic MDPI Open Access Publishing Arctic Arctic Ocean Remote Sensing 13 8 1570 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
MDPI Open Access Publishing |
op_collection_id |
ftmdpi |
language |
English |
topic |
arctic subarctic seas freshwater flux sea ice concentration sea surface salinity sea surface temperature SMOS SMAP |
spellingShingle |
arctic subarctic seas freshwater flux sea ice concentration sea surface salinity sea surface temperature SMOS SMAP Sarah B. Hall Bulusu Subrahmanyam Ebenezer S. Nyadjro Annette Samuelsen Surface Freshwater Fluxes in the Arctic and Subarctic Seas during Contrasting Years of High and Low Summer Sea Ice Extent |
topic_facet |
arctic subarctic seas freshwater flux sea ice concentration sea surface salinity sea surface temperature SMOS SMAP |
description |
Freshwater (FW) flux between the Arctic Ocean and adjacent waterways, predominantly driven by wind and oceanic currents, influences halocline stability and annual sea ice variability which further impacts global circulation and climate. The Arctic recently experienced anomalous years of high and low sea ice extent in the summers of 2013/2014 and 2012/2016, respectively. Here we investigate the interannual variability of oceanic surface FW flux in relation to spatial and temporal variability in sea ice concentration (SIC), sea surface salinity (SSS), and sea surface temperature (SST), focusing on years with summer sea–ice extremes. Our analysis between 2010–2018 illustrate high parameter variability, especially within the Laptev, Kara, and Barents seas, as well as an overall decreasing trend of FW flux through the Fram Strait. We find that in 2012, a maximum average FW flux of 0.32 × 103 ms−1 in October passed over a large portion of the Northeast Atlantic Ocean at 53°N. This study highlights recent changes in the Arctic and Subarctic Seas and the importance of continued monitoring of key variables through remote sensing to understand the dynamics behind these ongoing changes. Observations of FW fluxes through major Arctic routes will be increasingly important as the polar regions become more susceptible to warming, with major impacts on global climate. |
format |
Text |
author |
Sarah B. Hall Bulusu Subrahmanyam Ebenezer S. Nyadjro Annette Samuelsen |
author_facet |
Sarah B. Hall Bulusu Subrahmanyam Ebenezer S. Nyadjro Annette Samuelsen |
author_sort |
Sarah B. Hall |
title |
Surface Freshwater Fluxes in the Arctic and Subarctic Seas during Contrasting Years of High and Low Summer Sea Ice Extent |
title_short |
Surface Freshwater Fluxes in the Arctic and Subarctic Seas during Contrasting Years of High and Low Summer Sea Ice Extent |
title_full |
Surface Freshwater Fluxes in the Arctic and Subarctic Seas during Contrasting Years of High and Low Summer Sea Ice Extent |
title_fullStr |
Surface Freshwater Fluxes in the Arctic and Subarctic Seas during Contrasting Years of High and Low Summer Sea Ice Extent |
title_full_unstemmed |
Surface Freshwater Fluxes in the Arctic and Subarctic Seas during Contrasting Years of High and Low Summer Sea Ice Extent |
title_sort |
surface freshwater fluxes in the arctic and subarctic seas during contrasting years of high and low summer sea ice extent |
publisher |
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13081570 |
geographic |
Arctic Arctic Ocean |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Arctic Ocean |
genre |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Fram Strait laptev Northeast Atlantic Sea ice Subarctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Fram Strait laptev Northeast Atlantic Sea ice Subarctic |
op_source |
Remote Sensing; Volume 13; Issue 8; Pages: 1570 |
op_relation |
Ocean Remote Sensing https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13081570 |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13081570 |
container_title |
Remote Sensing |
container_volume |
13 |
container_issue |
8 |
container_start_page |
1570 |
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1774714026416144384 |