Quantification of Wide-Area Norwegian Spring-Spawning Herring Population Density with Ocean Acoustic Waveguide Remote Sensing (OAWRS)
Norwegian spring-spawning herring are a critical economic resource for multiple nations in the North Atlantic and a keystone species of the Nordic Seas ecosystem. Given the wide areas that the herring occupy, it is difficult to accurately measure the population size and spatial distribution. Ocean A...
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ftmdpi:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/13/22/4546/ 2023-08-20T04:08:06+02:00 Quantification of Wide-Area Norwegian Spring-Spawning Herring Population Density with Ocean Acoustic Waveguide Remote Sensing (OAWRS) Daniel Duane Olav Rune Godø Nicholas C. Makris agris 2021-11-12 application/pdf https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13224546 EN eng Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute Ocean Remote Sensing https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13224546 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Remote Sensing; Volume 13; Issue 22; Pages: 4546 acoustic remote sensing Ocean Acoustic Waveguide Remote Sensing OAWRS attenuation sensing range Text 2021 ftmdpi https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13224546 2023-08-01T03:13:46Z Norwegian spring-spawning herring are a critical economic resource for multiple nations in the North Atlantic and a keystone species of the Nordic Seas ecosystem. Given the wide areas that the herring occupy, it is difficult to accurately measure the population size and spatial distribution. Ocean Acoustic Waveguide Remote Sensing (OAWRS) was used to instantaneously measure the areal population density of Norwegian herring over more than one thousand square kilometers in spawning grounds near Ålesund, Norway. In the vicinity of the Ålesund trench near peak spawning, significant attenuation in signal-to-noise ratio and mean sensing range was observed after nautical sunset that had not been observed in previous OAWRS surveys in the Nordic Seas or in other regions. We show that this range-dependent decay along a given propagation path was caused by attenuation through dense herring shoals forming at sunset and persisting through the evening for transmissions near the swimbladder resonance peak. OAWRS transmissions are corrected for attenuation in a manner consistent with waveguide scattering theory and simultaneous downward directed local line-transect measurements in the region in order to produce instantaneous wide-area population density maps. Corresponding measured reductions in the median sensing range over the azimuth before ambient noise limitation are shown to be theoretically predictable from waveguide scattering theory and observed population densities. Spatial-temporal inhomogeneities in wide-area herring distributions seen synoptically in OAWRS imagery show that standard sparsely spaced line-transect surveys through this region during spawning can lead to large errors in the estimated population due to spatial and temporal undersampling. Text Nordic Seas North Atlantic MDPI Open Access Publishing Norway Remote Sensing 13 22 4546 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
MDPI Open Access Publishing |
op_collection_id |
ftmdpi |
language |
English |
topic |
acoustic remote sensing Ocean Acoustic Waveguide Remote Sensing OAWRS attenuation sensing range |
spellingShingle |
acoustic remote sensing Ocean Acoustic Waveguide Remote Sensing OAWRS attenuation sensing range Daniel Duane Olav Rune Godø Nicholas C. Makris Quantification of Wide-Area Norwegian Spring-Spawning Herring Population Density with Ocean Acoustic Waveguide Remote Sensing (OAWRS) |
topic_facet |
acoustic remote sensing Ocean Acoustic Waveguide Remote Sensing OAWRS attenuation sensing range |
description |
Norwegian spring-spawning herring are a critical economic resource for multiple nations in the North Atlantic and a keystone species of the Nordic Seas ecosystem. Given the wide areas that the herring occupy, it is difficult to accurately measure the population size and spatial distribution. Ocean Acoustic Waveguide Remote Sensing (OAWRS) was used to instantaneously measure the areal population density of Norwegian herring over more than one thousand square kilometers in spawning grounds near Ålesund, Norway. In the vicinity of the Ålesund trench near peak spawning, significant attenuation in signal-to-noise ratio and mean sensing range was observed after nautical sunset that had not been observed in previous OAWRS surveys in the Nordic Seas or in other regions. We show that this range-dependent decay along a given propagation path was caused by attenuation through dense herring shoals forming at sunset and persisting through the evening for transmissions near the swimbladder resonance peak. OAWRS transmissions are corrected for attenuation in a manner consistent with waveguide scattering theory and simultaneous downward directed local line-transect measurements in the region in order to produce instantaneous wide-area population density maps. Corresponding measured reductions in the median sensing range over the azimuth before ambient noise limitation are shown to be theoretically predictable from waveguide scattering theory and observed population densities. Spatial-temporal inhomogeneities in wide-area herring distributions seen synoptically in OAWRS imagery show that standard sparsely spaced line-transect surveys through this region during spawning can lead to large errors in the estimated population due to spatial and temporal undersampling. |
format |
Text |
author |
Daniel Duane Olav Rune Godø Nicholas C. Makris |
author_facet |
Daniel Duane Olav Rune Godø Nicholas C. Makris |
author_sort |
Daniel Duane |
title |
Quantification of Wide-Area Norwegian Spring-Spawning Herring Population Density with Ocean Acoustic Waveguide Remote Sensing (OAWRS) |
title_short |
Quantification of Wide-Area Norwegian Spring-Spawning Herring Population Density with Ocean Acoustic Waveguide Remote Sensing (OAWRS) |
title_full |
Quantification of Wide-Area Norwegian Spring-Spawning Herring Population Density with Ocean Acoustic Waveguide Remote Sensing (OAWRS) |
title_fullStr |
Quantification of Wide-Area Norwegian Spring-Spawning Herring Population Density with Ocean Acoustic Waveguide Remote Sensing (OAWRS) |
title_full_unstemmed |
Quantification of Wide-Area Norwegian Spring-Spawning Herring Population Density with Ocean Acoustic Waveguide Remote Sensing (OAWRS) |
title_sort |
quantification of wide-area norwegian spring-spawning herring population density with ocean acoustic waveguide remote sensing (oawrs) |
publisher |
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13224546 |
op_coverage |
agris |
geographic |
Norway |
geographic_facet |
Norway |
genre |
Nordic Seas North Atlantic |
genre_facet |
Nordic Seas North Atlantic |
op_source |
Remote Sensing; Volume 13; Issue 22; Pages: 4546 |
op_relation |
Ocean Remote Sensing https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13224546 |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13224546 |
container_title |
Remote Sensing |
container_volume |
13 |
container_issue |
22 |
container_start_page |
4546 |
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1774720189530636288 |