Remote Sensing of Ice Conditions in the Southeastern Baltic Sea and in the Curonian Lagoon and Validation of SAR-Based Ice Thickness Products
Here we analyze ice conditions in the Southeastern Baltic (SEB) Sea and in the Curonian Lagoon (CL) using spaceborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data combined with in-situ measurements from coastal stations during four winter seasons between 2009–2013. As shown, the ice conditions in the SEB and...
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ftmdpi:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/12/22/3754/ 2023-08-20T04:09:47+02:00 Remote Sensing of Ice Conditions in the Southeastern Baltic Sea and in the Curonian Lagoon and Validation of SAR-Based Ice Thickness Products Igor E. Kozlov Elena V. Krek Andrey G. Kostianoy Inga Dailidienė agris 2020-11-14 application/pdf https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12223754 EN eng Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12223754 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Remote Sensing; Volume 12; Issue 22; Pages: 3754 sea ice ice cover extent SAR-based ice thickness validation satellite remote sensing SAR imaging hydrometeorological conditions Baltic Sea Curonian Lagoon Text 2020 ftmdpi https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12223754 2023-08-01T00:27:58Z Here we analyze ice conditions in the Southeastern Baltic (SEB) Sea and in the Curonian Lagoon (CL) using spaceborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data combined with in-situ measurements from coastal stations during four winter seasons between 2009–2013. As shown, the ice conditions in the SEB and in the CL are strongly varying from year to year and do not always correlate with each other. In the SEB, ice cover may form only within 5–15 km band along the coast or spread up to 100 km offshore covering almost the entire region. The mean ice season duration here is 45 days. The CL is almost fully ice-covered every year apart of its northern part subjected to sea water inflow and active shipping. The ice regime is also more stable here, however, it also possesses multiple periods of partial melting and re-freezing. In this study we also perform a validation of three SAR-based ice thickness products (Envisat ASAR 0.5-km and 1-km, and RADARSAT-2 0.5-km) produced by the Finnish Meteorological Institute versus in-situ measurements in the CL. As shown, all satellite products perform rather well for the periods of gradual ice thickness growth. When the ice thickness grows rapidly, all products underestimate the observed values by 10–20 cm (20–50%). The best results were obtained for the RADARSAT-2 ice thickness product with the highest R2 value (0.68) and the root mean square error around 8 cm. The results of the study clearly show that multi-mission SAR data are very useful for spatial and temporal analysis of the ice regime in coastal waters and semi-enclosed shallow water bodies where the number of field observations is insufficient or lacking. Text Sea ice MDPI Open Access Publishing Asar ENVELOPE(134.033,134.033,68.667,68.667) Remote Sensing 12 22 3754 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
MDPI Open Access Publishing |
op_collection_id |
ftmdpi |
language |
English |
topic |
sea ice ice cover extent SAR-based ice thickness validation satellite remote sensing SAR imaging hydrometeorological conditions Baltic Sea Curonian Lagoon |
spellingShingle |
sea ice ice cover extent SAR-based ice thickness validation satellite remote sensing SAR imaging hydrometeorological conditions Baltic Sea Curonian Lagoon Igor E. Kozlov Elena V. Krek Andrey G. Kostianoy Inga Dailidienė Remote Sensing of Ice Conditions in the Southeastern Baltic Sea and in the Curonian Lagoon and Validation of SAR-Based Ice Thickness Products |
topic_facet |
sea ice ice cover extent SAR-based ice thickness validation satellite remote sensing SAR imaging hydrometeorological conditions Baltic Sea Curonian Lagoon |
description |
Here we analyze ice conditions in the Southeastern Baltic (SEB) Sea and in the Curonian Lagoon (CL) using spaceborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data combined with in-situ measurements from coastal stations during four winter seasons between 2009–2013. As shown, the ice conditions in the SEB and in the CL are strongly varying from year to year and do not always correlate with each other. In the SEB, ice cover may form only within 5–15 km band along the coast or spread up to 100 km offshore covering almost the entire region. The mean ice season duration here is 45 days. The CL is almost fully ice-covered every year apart of its northern part subjected to sea water inflow and active shipping. The ice regime is also more stable here, however, it also possesses multiple periods of partial melting and re-freezing. In this study we also perform a validation of three SAR-based ice thickness products (Envisat ASAR 0.5-km and 1-km, and RADARSAT-2 0.5-km) produced by the Finnish Meteorological Institute versus in-situ measurements in the CL. As shown, all satellite products perform rather well for the periods of gradual ice thickness growth. When the ice thickness grows rapidly, all products underestimate the observed values by 10–20 cm (20–50%). The best results were obtained for the RADARSAT-2 ice thickness product with the highest R2 value (0.68) and the root mean square error around 8 cm. The results of the study clearly show that multi-mission SAR data are very useful for spatial and temporal analysis of the ice regime in coastal waters and semi-enclosed shallow water bodies where the number of field observations is insufficient or lacking. |
format |
Text |
author |
Igor E. Kozlov Elena V. Krek Andrey G. Kostianoy Inga Dailidienė |
author_facet |
Igor E. Kozlov Elena V. Krek Andrey G. Kostianoy Inga Dailidienė |
author_sort |
Igor E. Kozlov |
title |
Remote Sensing of Ice Conditions in the Southeastern Baltic Sea and in the Curonian Lagoon and Validation of SAR-Based Ice Thickness Products |
title_short |
Remote Sensing of Ice Conditions in the Southeastern Baltic Sea and in the Curonian Lagoon and Validation of SAR-Based Ice Thickness Products |
title_full |
Remote Sensing of Ice Conditions in the Southeastern Baltic Sea and in the Curonian Lagoon and Validation of SAR-Based Ice Thickness Products |
title_fullStr |
Remote Sensing of Ice Conditions in the Southeastern Baltic Sea and in the Curonian Lagoon and Validation of SAR-Based Ice Thickness Products |
title_full_unstemmed |
Remote Sensing of Ice Conditions in the Southeastern Baltic Sea and in the Curonian Lagoon and Validation of SAR-Based Ice Thickness Products |
title_sort |
remote sensing of ice conditions in the southeastern baltic sea and in the curonian lagoon and validation of sar-based ice thickness products |
publisher |
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12223754 |
op_coverage |
agris |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(134.033,134.033,68.667,68.667) |
geographic |
Asar |
geographic_facet |
Asar |
genre |
Sea ice |
genre_facet |
Sea ice |
op_source |
Remote Sensing; Volume 12; Issue 22; Pages: 3754 |
op_relation |
https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12223754 |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12223754 |
container_title |
Remote Sensing |
container_volume |
12 |
container_issue |
22 |
container_start_page |
3754 |
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1774723453648109568 |