The Role of Mean Sea Level Annual Cycle on Extreme Water Levels Along European Coastline
The knowledge of extreme total water levels (ETWLs) and the derived impact, coastal flooding and erosion, is crucial to face the present and future challenges exacerbated in European densely populated coastal areas. Based on 24 years (1993–2016) of multimission radar altimetry, this paper investigat...
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ftmdpi:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/12/20/3419/ 2023-08-20T04:08:30+02:00 The Role of Mean Sea Level Annual Cycle on Extreme Water Levels Along European Coastline Tomás Fernández-Montblanc Jesús Gómez-Enri Paolo Ciavola agris 2020-10-18 application/pdf https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12203419 EN eng Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute Ocean Remote Sensing https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12203419 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Remote Sensing; Volume 12; Issue 20; Pages: 3419 storm surge coastal flooding marine storms natural hazards steric-effect satellite altimetry Text 2020 ftmdpi https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12203419 2023-08-01T00:18:19Z The knowledge of extreme total water levels (ETWLs) and the derived impact, coastal flooding and erosion, is crucial to face the present and future challenges exacerbated in European densely populated coastal areas. Based on 24 years (1993–2016) of multimission radar altimetry, this paper investigates the contribution of each water level component: tide, surge and annual cycle of monthly mean sea level (MMSL) to the ETWLs. It focuses on the contribution of the annual variation of MMSL in the coastal flooding extreme events registered in a European database. In microtidal areas (Black, Baltic and Mediterranean Sea), the MMSL contribution is mostly larger than tide, and it can be at the same order of magnitude of the surge. In meso and macrotidal areas, the MMSL contribution is <20% of the total water level, but larger (>30%) in the North Sea. No correlation was observed between the average annual cycle of monthly mean sea level (AMMSL) and coastal flooding extreme events (CFEEs) along the European coastal line. Positive correlations of the component variance of MMSL with the relative frequency of CFEEs extend to the Central Mediterranean (r = 0.59), North Sea (r = 0.60) and Baltic Sea (r = 0.75). In the case of positive MMSL anomalies, the correlation expands to the Bay of Biscay and northern North Atlantic (at >90% of statistical significance). The understanding of the spatial and temporal patterns of a combination of all the components of the ETWLs shall improve the preparedness and coastal adaptation measures to reduce the impact of coastal flooding. Text North Atlantic MDPI Open Access Publishing Remote Sensing 12 20 3419 |
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English |
topic |
storm surge coastal flooding marine storms natural hazards steric-effect satellite altimetry |
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storm surge coastal flooding marine storms natural hazards steric-effect satellite altimetry Tomás Fernández-Montblanc Jesús Gómez-Enri Paolo Ciavola The Role of Mean Sea Level Annual Cycle on Extreme Water Levels Along European Coastline |
topic_facet |
storm surge coastal flooding marine storms natural hazards steric-effect satellite altimetry |
description |
The knowledge of extreme total water levels (ETWLs) and the derived impact, coastal flooding and erosion, is crucial to face the present and future challenges exacerbated in European densely populated coastal areas. Based on 24 years (1993–2016) of multimission radar altimetry, this paper investigates the contribution of each water level component: tide, surge and annual cycle of monthly mean sea level (MMSL) to the ETWLs. It focuses on the contribution of the annual variation of MMSL in the coastal flooding extreme events registered in a European database. In microtidal areas (Black, Baltic and Mediterranean Sea), the MMSL contribution is mostly larger than tide, and it can be at the same order of magnitude of the surge. In meso and macrotidal areas, the MMSL contribution is <20% of the total water level, but larger (>30%) in the North Sea. No correlation was observed between the average annual cycle of monthly mean sea level (AMMSL) and coastal flooding extreme events (CFEEs) along the European coastal line. Positive correlations of the component variance of MMSL with the relative frequency of CFEEs extend to the Central Mediterranean (r = 0.59), North Sea (r = 0.60) and Baltic Sea (r = 0.75). In the case of positive MMSL anomalies, the correlation expands to the Bay of Biscay and northern North Atlantic (at >90% of statistical significance). The understanding of the spatial and temporal patterns of a combination of all the components of the ETWLs shall improve the preparedness and coastal adaptation measures to reduce the impact of coastal flooding. |
format |
Text |
author |
Tomás Fernández-Montblanc Jesús Gómez-Enri Paolo Ciavola |
author_facet |
Tomás Fernández-Montblanc Jesús Gómez-Enri Paolo Ciavola |
author_sort |
Tomás Fernández-Montblanc |
title |
The Role of Mean Sea Level Annual Cycle on Extreme Water Levels Along European Coastline |
title_short |
The Role of Mean Sea Level Annual Cycle on Extreme Water Levels Along European Coastline |
title_full |
The Role of Mean Sea Level Annual Cycle on Extreme Water Levels Along European Coastline |
title_fullStr |
The Role of Mean Sea Level Annual Cycle on Extreme Water Levels Along European Coastline |
title_full_unstemmed |
The Role of Mean Sea Level Annual Cycle on Extreme Water Levels Along European Coastline |
title_sort |
role of mean sea level annual cycle on extreme water levels along european coastline |
publisher |
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12203419 |
op_coverage |
agris |
genre |
North Atlantic |
genre_facet |
North Atlantic |
op_source |
Remote Sensing; Volume 12; Issue 20; Pages: 3419 |
op_relation |
Ocean Remote Sensing https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12203419 |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12203419 |
container_title |
Remote Sensing |
container_volume |
12 |
container_issue |
20 |
container_start_page |
3419 |
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1774720799522947072 |