Evaluation and Intercomparison of SMOS, Aquarius, and SMAP Sea Surface Salinity Products in the Arctic Ocean
Salinity is a critical parameter in the Arctic Ocean, having potential implications for climate and weather. This study presents the first systematic analysis of 6 commonly used sea surface salinity (SSS) products from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Aquarius and Soil Moistu...
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ftmdpi:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/11/24/3043/ 2023-08-20T04:03:56+02:00 Evaluation and Intercomparison of SMOS, Aquarius, and SMAP Sea Surface Salinity Products in the Arctic Ocean Séverine Fournier Tong Lee Wenqing Tang Michael Steele Estrella Olmedo agris 2019-12-17 application/pdf https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11243043 EN eng Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute Ocean Remote Sensing https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11243043 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Remote Sensing; Volume 11; Issue 24; Pages: 3043 sea surface salinity Arctic SMAP Aquarius SMOS Text 2019 ftmdpi https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11243043 2023-07-31T22:54:21Z Salinity is a critical parameter in the Arctic Ocean, having potential implications for climate and weather. This study presents the first systematic analysis of 6 commonly used sea surface salinity (SSS) products from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Aquarius and Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) satellites and the European Space Agency (ESA) Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission, in terms of their consistency among one another and with in-situ data. Overall, the satellite SSS products provide a similar characterization of the time mean SSS large-scale patterns and are relatively consistent in depicting the regions with strong SSS temporal variability. When averaged over the Arctic Ocean, the SSS show an excellent consistency in describing the seasonal and interannual variations. Comparison of satellite SSS with in-situ salinity measurements along ship transects suggest that satellite SSS captures salinity gradients away from regions with significant sea-ice concentration. The root-mean square differences (RMSD) of satellite SSS with respect to in-situ measurements improves with increasing temperature, reflecting the limitation of L-band radiometric sensitivity to SSS in cold water. However, the satellite SSS biases with respect to the in-situ measurements do not show a consistent dependence on temperature. The results have significant implications for the calibration and validation of satellite SSS as well as for the modeling community and the design of future satellite missions. Text Arctic Arctic Ocean Sea ice MDPI Open Access Publishing Arctic Arctic Ocean Remote Sensing 11 24 3043 |
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MDPI Open Access Publishing |
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ftmdpi |
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English |
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sea surface salinity Arctic SMAP Aquarius SMOS |
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sea surface salinity Arctic SMAP Aquarius SMOS Séverine Fournier Tong Lee Wenqing Tang Michael Steele Estrella Olmedo Evaluation and Intercomparison of SMOS, Aquarius, and SMAP Sea Surface Salinity Products in the Arctic Ocean |
topic_facet |
sea surface salinity Arctic SMAP Aquarius SMOS |
description |
Salinity is a critical parameter in the Arctic Ocean, having potential implications for climate and weather. This study presents the first systematic analysis of 6 commonly used sea surface salinity (SSS) products from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Aquarius and Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) satellites and the European Space Agency (ESA) Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission, in terms of their consistency among one another and with in-situ data. Overall, the satellite SSS products provide a similar characterization of the time mean SSS large-scale patterns and are relatively consistent in depicting the regions with strong SSS temporal variability. When averaged over the Arctic Ocean, the SSS show an excellent consistency in describing the seasonal and interannual variations. Comparison of satellite SSS with in-situ salinity measurements along ship transects suggest that satellite SSS captures salinity gradients away from regions with significant sea-ice concentration. The root-mean square differences (RMSD) of satellite SSS with respect to in-situ measurements improves with increasing temperature, reflecting the limitation of L-band radiometric sensitivity to SSS in cold water. However, the satellite SSS biases with respect to the in-situ measurements do not show a consistent dependence on temperature. The results have significant implications for the calibration and validation of satellite SSS as well as for the modeling community and the design of future satellite missions. |
format |
Text |
author |
Séverine Fournier Tong Lee Wenqing Tang Michael Steele Estrella Olmedo |
author_facet |
Séverine Fournier Tong Lee Wenqing Tang Michael Steele Estrella Olmedo |
author_sort |
Séverine Fournier |
title |
Evaluation and Intercomparison of SMOS, Aquarius, and SMAP Sea Surface Salinity Products in the Arctic Ocean |
title_short |
Evaluation and Intercomparison of SMOS, Aquarius, and SMAP Sea Surface Salinity Products in the Arctic Ocean |
title_full |
Evaluation and Intercomparison of SMOS, Aquarius, and SMAP Sea Surface Salinity Products in the Arctic Ocean |
title_fullStr |
Evaluation and Intercomparison of SMOS, Aquarius, and SMAP Sea Surface Salinity Products in the Arctic Ocean |
title_full_unstemmed |
Evaluation and Intercomparison of SMOS, Aquarius, and SMAP Sea Surface Salinity Products in the Arctic Ocean |
title_sort |
evaluation and intercomparison of smos, aquarius, and smap sea surface salinity products in the arctic ocean |
publisher |
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11243043 |
op_coverage |
agris |
geographic |
Arctic Arctic Ocean |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Arctic Ocean |
genre |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Sea ice |
genre_facet |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Sea ice |
op_source |
Remote Sensing; Volume 11; Issue 24; Pages: 3043 |
op_relation |
Ocean Remote Sensing https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11243043 |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11243043 |
container_title |
Remote Sensing |
container_volume |
11 |
container_issue |
24 |
container_start_page |
3043 |
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1774714350828781568 |