Long-Term Water Surface Area Monitoring and Derived Water Level Using Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) at Altevatn, a Medium-Sized Arctic Lake
Monitoring water storage in lakes and reservoirs is critical to water resource management, especially in a changing climate. Satellite microwave remote sensing offers a weather and light-independent solution for mapping water cover over large scales. We have used 13 years of synthetic aperture radar...
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ftmdpi:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/11/23/2780/ 2023-08-20T04:04:22+02:00 Long-Term Water Surface Area Monitoring and Derived Water Level Using Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) at Altevatn, a Medium-Sized Arctic Lake Hannah Vickers Eirik Malnes Kjell-Arild Høgda agris 2019-11-25 application/pdf https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11232780 EN eng Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute Remote Sensing in Geology, Geomorphology and Hydrology https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11232780 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Remote Sensing; Volume 11; Issue 23; Pages: 2780 unsupervised clustering synthetic aperture radar lake water extent Sentinel-1 long-term monitoring hypsometry Text 2019 ftmdpi https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11232780 2023-07-31T22:49:52Z Monitoring water storage in lakes and reservoirs is critical to water resource management, especially in a changing climate. Satellite microwave remote sensing offers a weather and light-independent solution for mapping water cover over large scales. We have used 13 years of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data from three different sensors (Sentinel-1, RADARSAT-2, and Envisat advanced synthetic aperture radar (ASAR)) to develop a method for mapping surface water cover and thereby estimating the lake water extent (LWE). The method uses the unsupervised K-means clustering algorithm together with specific post-processing techniques to create binary maps of the water area. We have specifically tested and validated the method at Altevatn, a medium-sized arctic lake in Northern Norway, by using in-situ measurements of the water level. The multi-sensor SAR LWE time series were used in conjunction with the water level measurements to derive the lake hypsometry while at the same time quantifying the accuracy of our method. For Altevatn lake we estimated LWE with a root mean squared error (RMSE) of 0.89 km2 or 1.4% of the mean LWE, while the inferred lake water level (LWL) was associated with an RMSE of 0.40 m, or 2.5% of the maximum annual variation. We foresee that there is potential to further develop the algorithm by generalizing its use to other lakes worldwide and automating the process such that near real-time monitoring of LWE may be possible. Text Arctic Northern Norway MDPI Open Access Publishing Arctic Norway Arctic Lake ENVELOPE(-130.826,-130.826,57.231,57.231) Asar ENVELOPE(134.033,134.033,68.667,68.667) Remote Sensing 11 23 2780 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
MDPI Open Access Publishing |
op_collection_id |
ftmdpi |
language |
English |
topic |
unsupervised clustering synthetic aperture radar lake water extent Sentinel-1 long-term monitoring hypsometry |
spellingShingle |
unsupervised clustering synthetic aperture radar lake water extent Sentinel-1 long-term monitoring hypsometry Hannah Vickers Eirik Malnes Kjell-Arild Høgda Long-Term Water Surface Area Monitoring and Derived Water Level Using Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) at Altevatn, a Medium-Sized Arctic Lake |
topic_facet |
unsupervised clustering synthetic aperture radar lake water extent Sentinel-1 long-term monitoring hypsometry |
description |
Monitoring water storage in lakes and reservoirs is critical to water resource management, especially in a changing climate. Satellite microwave remote sensing offers a weather and light-independent solution for mapping water cover over large scales. We have used 13 years of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data from three different sensors (Sentinel-1, RADARSAT-2, and Envisat advanced synthetic aperture radar (ASAR)) to develop a method for mapping surface water cover and thereby estimating the lake water extent (LWE). The method uses the unsupervised K-means clustering algorithm together with specific post-processing techniques to create binary maps of the water area. We have specifically tested and validated the method at Altevatn, a medium-sized arctic lake in Northern Norway, by using in-situ measurements of the water level. The multi-sensor SAR LWE time series were used in conjunction with the water level measurements to derive the lake hypsometry while at the same time quantifying the accuracy of our method. For Altevatn lake we estimated LWE with a root mean squared error (RMSE) of 0.89 km2 or 1.4% of the mean LWE, while the inferred lake water level (LWL) was associated with an RMSE of 0.40 m, or 2.5% of the maximum annual variation. We foresee that there is potential to further develop the algorithm by generalizing its use to other lakes worldwide and automating the process such that near real-time monitoring of LWE may be possible. |
format |
Text |
author |
Hannah Vickers Eirik Malnes Kjell-Arild Høgda |
author_facet |
Hannah Vickers Eirik Malnes Kjell-Arild Høgda |
author_sort |
Hannah Vickers |
title |
Long-Term Water Surface Area Monitoring and Derived Water Level Using Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) at Altevatn, a Medium-Sized Arctic Lake |
title_short |
Long-Term Water Surface Area Monitoring and Derived Water Level Using Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) at Altevatn, a Medium-Sized Arctic Lake |
title_full |
Long-Term Water Surface Area Monitoring and Derived Water Level Using Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) at Altevatn, a Medium-Sized Arctic Lake |
title_fullStr |
Long-Term Water Surface Area Monitoring and Derived Water Level Using Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) at Altevatn, a Medium-Sized Arctic Lake |
title_full_unstemmed |
Long-Term Water Surface Area Monitoring and Derived Water Level Using Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) at Altevatn, a Medium-Sized Arctic Lake |
title_sort |
long-term water surface area monitoring and derived water level using synthetic aperture radar (sar) at altevatn, a medium-sized arctic lake |
publisher |
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11232780 |
op_coverage |
agris |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-130.826,-130.826,57.231,57.231) ENVELOPE(134.033,134.033,68.667,68.667) |
geographic |
Arctic Norway Arctic Lake Asar |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Norway Arctic Lake Asar |
genre |
Arctic Northern Norway |
genre_facet |
Arctic Northern Norway |
op_source |
Remote Sensing; Volume 11; Issue 23; Pages: 2780 |
op_relation |
Remote Sensing in Geology, Geomorphology and Hydrology https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11232780 |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11232780 |
container_title |
Remote Sensing |
container_volume |
11 |
container_issue |
23 |
container_start_page |
2780 |
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1774714763735990272 |