Seven Years of SMOS Sea Surface Salinity at High Latitudes: Variability in Arctic and Sub-Arctic Regions
This paper aims to present and assess the quality of seven years (2011–2017) of 25 km nine-day Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) Sea Surface Salinity (SSS) objectively analyzed maps in the Arctic and sub-Arctic oceans ( 50 ∘ N– 90 ∘ N). The SMOS SSS maps presented in this work are an improved...
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ftmdpi:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/10/11/1772/ 2023-08-20T04:03:34+02:00 Seven Years of SMOS Sea Surface Salinity at High Latitudes: Variability in Arctic and Sub-Arctic Regions Estrella Olmedo Carolina Gabarró Verónica González-Gambau Justino Martínez Joaquim Ballabrera-Poy Antonio Turiel Marcos Portabella Severine Fournier Tong Lee agris 2018-11-08 application/pdf https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10111772 EN eng Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute Ocean Remote Sensing https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10111772 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Remote Sensing; Volume 10; Issue 11; Pages: 1772 sea surface salinity remote sensing Arctic ocean SMOS Arctic rivers data processing quality assessment Text 2018 ftmdpi https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10111772 2023-07-31T21:49:53Z This paper aims to present and assess the quality of seven years (2011–2017) of 25 km nine-day Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) Sea Surface Salinity (SSS) objectively analyzed maps in the Arctic and sub-Arctic oceans ( 50 ∘ N– 90 ∘ N). The SMOS SSS maps presented in this work are an improved version of the preliminary three-year dataset generated and freely distributed by the Barcelona Expert Center. In this new version, a time-dependent bias correction has been applied to mitigate the seasonal bias that affected the previous SSS maps. An extensive database of in situ data (Argo floats and thermosalinograph measurements) has been used for assessing the accuracy of this product. The standard deviation of the difference between the new SMOS SSS maps and Argo SSS ranges from 0.25 and 0.35. The major features of the inter-annual SSS variations observed by the thermosalinographs are also captured by the SMOS SSS maps. However, the validation in some regions of the Arctic Ocean has not been feasible because of the lack of in situ data. In those regions, qualitative comparisons with SSS provided by models and the remotely sensed SSS provided by Aquarius and SMAP have been performed. Despite the differences between SMOS and SMAP, both datasets show consistent SSS variations with respect to the model and the river discharge in situ data, but present a larger dynamic range than that of the model. This result suggests that, in those regions, the use of the remotely sensed SSS may help to improve the models. Text Arctic Arctic Ocean MDPI Open Access Publishing Arctic Arctic Ocean Remote Sensing 10 11 1772 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
MDPI Open Access Publishing |
op_collection_id |
ftmdpi |
language |
English |
topic |
sea surface salinity remote sensing Arctic ocean SMOS Arctic rivers data processing quality assessment |
spellingShingle |
sea surface salinity remote sensing Arctic ocean SMOS Arctic rivers data processing quality assessment Estrella Olmedo Carolina Gabarró Verónica González-Gambau Justino Martínez Joaquim Ballabrera-Poy Antonio Turiel Marcos Portabella Severine Fournier Tong Lee Seven Years of SMOS Sea Surface Salinity at High Latitudes: Variability in Arctic and Sub-Arctic Regions |
topic_facet |
sea surface salinity remote sensing Arctic ocean SMOS Arctic rivers data processing quality assessment |
description |
This paper aims to present and assess the quality of seven years (2011–2017) of 25 km nine-day Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) Sea Surface Salinity (SSS) objectively analyzed maps in the Arctic and sub-Arctic oceans ( 50 ∘ N– 90 ∘ N). The SMOS SSS maps presented in this work are an improved version of the preliminary three-year dataset generated and freely distributed by the Barcelona Expert Center. In this new version, a time-dependent bias correction has been applied to mitigate the seasonal bias that affected the previous SSS maps. An extensive database of in situ data (Argo floats and thermosalinograph measurements) has been used for assessing the accuracy of this product. The standard deviation of the difference between the new SMOS SSS maps and Argo SSS ranges from 0.25 and 0.35. The major features of the inter-annual SSS variations observed by the thermosalinographs are also captured by the SMOS SSS maps. However, the validation in some regions of the Arctic Ocean has not been feasible because of the lack of in situ data. In those regions, qualitative comparisons with SSS provided by models and the remotely sensed SSS provided by Aquarius and SMAP have been performed. Despite the differences between SMOS and SMAP, both datasets show consistent SSS variations with respect to the model and the river discharge in situ data, but present a larger dynamic range than that of the model. This result suggests that, in those regions, the use of the remotely sensed SSS may help to improve the models. |
format |
Text |
author |
Estrella Olmedo Carolina Gabarró Verónica González-Gambau Justino Martínez Joaquim Ballabrera-Poy Antonio Turiel Marcos Portabella Severine Fournier Tong Lee |
author_facet |
Estrella Olmedo Carolina Gabarró Verónica González-Gambau Justino Martínez Joaquim Ballabrera-Poy Antonio Turiel Marcos Portabella Severine Fournier Tong Lee |
author_sort |
Estrella Olmedo |
title |
Seven Years of SMOS Sea Surface Salinity at High Latitudes: Variability in Arctic and Sub-Arctic Regions |
title_short |
Seven Years of SMOS Sea Surface Salinity at High Latitudes: Variability in Arctic and Sub-Arctic Regions |
title_full |
Seven Years of SMOS Sea Surface Salinity at High Latitudes: Variability in Arctic and Sub-Arctic Regions |
title_fullStr |
Seven Years of SMOS Sea Surface Salinity at High Latitudes: Variability in Arctic and Sub-Arctic Regions |
title_full_unstemmed |
Seven Years of SMOS Sea Surface Salinity at High Latitudes: Variability in Arctic and Sub-Arctic Regions |
title_sort |
seven years of smos sea surface salinity at high latitudes: variability in arctic and sub-arctic regions |
publisher |
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
publishDate |
2018 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10111772 |
op_coverage |
agris |
geographic |
Arctic Arctic Ocean |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Arctic Ocean |
genre |
Arctic Arctic Ocean |
genre_facet |
Arctic Arctic Ocean |
op_source |
Remote Sensing; Volume 10; Issue 11; Pages: 1772 |
op_relation |
Ocean Remote Sensing https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10111772 |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10111772 |
container_title |
Remote Sensing |
container_volume |
10 |
container_issue |
11 |
container_start_page |
1772 |
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1774713976255414272 |