New Insights for Detecting and Deriving Thermal Properties of Lava Flow Using Infrared Satellite during 2014–2015 Effusive Eruption at Holuhraun, Iceland
A new lava field was formed at Holuhraun in the Icelandic Highlands, north of Vatnajökull glacier, in 2014–2015. It was the largest effusive eruption in Iceland for 230 years, with an estimated lava bulk volume of ~1.44 km3 covering an area of ~84 km2. Satellite-based remote sensing is commonly used...
Published in: | Remote Sensing |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , , , , |
Format: | Text |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
2018
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10010151 |
id |
ftmdpi:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/10/1/151/ |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftmdpi:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/10/1/151/ 2023-08-20T04:06:43+02:00 New Insights for Detecting and Deriving Thermal Properties of Lava Flow Using Infrared Satellite during 2014–2015 Effusive Eruption at Holuhraun, Iceland Muhammad Aufaristama Armann Hoskuldsson Ingibjorg Jonsdottir Magnus Ulfarsson Thorvaldur Thordarson agris 2018-01-20 application/pdf https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10010151 EN eng Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute Remote Sensing in Geology, Geomorphology and Hydrology https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10010151 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Remote Sensing; Volume 10; Issue 1; Pages: 151 effusive eruption Landsat-8 TEI SWIR TIR Hurst coefficient dual-band radiant flux crust thickness Text 2018 ftmdpi https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10010151 2023-07-31T21:21:28Z A new lava field was formed at Holuhraun in the Icelandic Highlands, north of Vatnajökull glacier, in 2014–2015. It was the largest effusive eruption in Iceland for 230 years, with an estimated lava bulk volume of ~1.44 km3 covering an area of ~84 km2. Satellite-based remote sensing is commonly used as preliminary assessment of large scale eruptions since it is relatively efficient for collecting and processing the data. Landsat-8 infrared datasets were used in this study, and we used dual-band technique to determine the subpixel temperature (Th) of the lava. We developed a new spectral index called the thermal eruption index (TEI) based on the shortwave infrared (SWIR) and thermal infrared (TIR) bands allowing us to differentiate thermal domain within the lava flow field. Lava surface roughness effects are accounted by using the Hurst coefficient (H) for deriving the radiant flux ( Φ rad ) and the crust thickness (Δh). Here, we compare the results derived from satellite images with field measurements. The result from 2 December 2014 shows that a temperature estimate (1096 °C; occupying area of 3.05 m2) from a lava breakout has a close correspondence with a thermal camera measurement (1047 °C; occupying area of 4.52 m2). We also found that the crust thickness estimate in the lava channel during 6 September 2014 (~3.4–7.7 m) compares closely with the lava height measurement from the field (~2.6–6.6 m); meanwhile, the total radiant flux peak is underestimated (~8 GW) compared to other studies (~25 GW), although the trend shows good agreement with both field observation and other studies. This study provides new insights for monitoring future effusive eruption using infrared satellite images. Text glacier Iceland Vatnajökull MDPI Open Access Publishing Vatnajökull ENVELOPE(-16.823,-16.823,64.420,64.420) Holuhraun ENVELOPE(-16.831,-16.831,64.852,64.852) Remote Sensing 10 2 151 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
MDPI Open Access Publishing |
op_collection_id |
ftmdpi |
language |
English |
topic |
effusive eruption Landsat-8 TEI SWIR TIR Hurst coefficient dual-band radiant flux crust thickness |
spellingShingle |
effusive eruption Landsat-8 TEI SWIR TIR Hurst coefficient dual-band radiant flux crust thickness Muhammad Aufaristama Armann Hoskuldsson Ingibjorg Jonsdottir Magnus Ulfarsson Thorvaldur Thordarson New Insights for Detecting and Deriving Thermal Properties of Lava Flow Using Infrared Satellite during 2014–2015 Effusive Eruption at Holuhraun, Iceland |
topic_facet |
effusive eruption Landsat-8 TEI SWIR TIR Hurst coefficient dual-band radiant flux crust thickness |
description |
A new lava field was formed at Holuhraun in the Icelandic Highlands, north of Vatnajökull glacier, in 2014–2015. It was the largest effusive eruption in Iceland for 230 years, with an estimated lava bulk volume of ~1.44 km3 covering an area of ~84 km2. Satellite-based remote sensing is commonly used as preliminary assessment of large scale eruptions since it is relatively efficient for collecting and processing the data. Landsat-8 infrared datasets were used in this study, and we used dual-band technique to determine the subpixel temperature (Th) of the lava. We developed a new spectral index called the thermal eruption index (TEI) based on the shortwave infrared (SWIR) and thermal infrared (TIR) bands allowing us to differentiate thermal domain within the lava flow field. Lava surface roughness effects are accounted by using the Hurst coefficient (H) for deriving the radiant flux ( Φ rad ) and the crust thickness (Δh). Here, we compare the results derived from satellite images with field measurements. The result from 2 December 2014 shows that a temperature estimate (1096 °C; occupying area of 3.05 m2) from a lava breakout has a close correspondence with a thermal camera measurement (1047 °C; occupying area of 4.52 m2). We also found that the crust thickness estimate in the lava channel during 6 September 2014 (~3.4–7.7 m) compares closely with the lava height measurement from the field (~2.6–6.6 m); meanwhile, the total radiant flux peak is underestimated (~8 GW) compared to other studies (~25 GW), although the trend shows good agreement with both field observation and other studies. This study provides new insights for monitoring future effusive eruption using infrared satellite images. |
format |
Text |
author |
Muhammad Aufaristama Armann Hoskuldsson Ingibjorg Jonsdottir Magnus Ulfarsson Thorvaldur Thordarson |
author_facet |
Muhammad Aufaristama Armann Hoskuldsson Ingibjorg Jonsdottir Magnus Ulfarsson Thorvaldur Thordarson |
author_sort |
Muhammad Aufaristama |
title |
New Insights for Detecting and Deriving Thermal Properties of Lava Flow Using Infrared Satellite during 2014–2015 Effusive Eruption at Holuhraun, Iceland |
title_short |
New Insights for Detecting and Deriving Thermal Properties of Lava Flow Using Infrared Satellite during 2014–2015 Effusive Eruption at Holuhraun, Iceland |
title_full |
New Insights for Detecting and Deriving Thermal Properties of Lava Flow Using Infrared Satellite during 2014–2015 Effusive Eruption at Holuhraun, Iceland |
title_fullStr |
New Insights for Detecting and Deriving Thermal Properties of Lava Flow Using Infrared Satellite during 2014–2015 Effusive Eruption at Holuhraun, Iceland |
title_full_unstemmed |
New Insights for Detecting and Deriving Thermal Properties of Lava Flow Using Infrared Satellite during 2014–2015 Effusive Eruption at Holuhraun, Iceland |
title_sort |
new insights for detecting and deriving thermal properties of lava flow using infrared satellite during 2014–2015 effusive eruption at holuhraun, iceland |
publisher |
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
publishDate |
2018 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10010151 |
op_coverage |
agris |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-16.823,-16.823,64.420,64.420) ENVELOPE(-16.831,-16.831,64.852,64.852) |
geographic |
Vatnajökull Holuhraun |
geographic_facet |
Vatnajökull Holuhraun |
genre |
glacier Iceland Vatnajökull |
genre_facet |
glacier Iceland Vatnajökull |
op_source |
Remote Sensing; Volume 10; Issue 1; Pages: 151 |
op_relation |
Remote Sensing in Geology, Geomorphology and Hydrology https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10010151 |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10010151 |
container_title |
Remote Sensing |
container_volume |
10 |
container_issue |
2 |
container_start_page |
151 |
_version_ |
1774717993739091968 |