Dependence of C-Band Backscatter on Ground Temperature, Air Temperature and Snow Depth in Arctic Permafrost Regions
Microwave remote sensing has found numerous applications in areas affected by permafrost and seasonally frozen ground. In this study, we focused on data obtained by the Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT, C-band) during winter periods when the ground is assumed to be frozen. This paper discusses the rela...
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ftmdpi:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/10/1/142/ 2023-08-20T04:04:44+02:00 Dependence of C-Band Backscatter on Ground Temperature, Air Temperature and Snow Depth in Arctic Permafrost Regions Helena Bergstedt Simon Zwieback Annett Bartsch Marina Leibman agris 2018-01-19 application/pdf https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10010142 EN eng Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute Remote Sensing in Geology, Geomorphology and Hydrology https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10010142 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Remote Sensing; Volume 10; Issue 1; Pages: 142 permafrost ASCAT backscatter snow C-band Text 2018 ftmdpi https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10010142 2023-07-31T21:21:23Z Microwave remote sensing has found numerous applications in areas affected by permafrost and seasonally frozen ground. In this study, we focused on data obtained by the Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT, C-band) during winter periods when the ground is assumed to be frozen. This paper discusses the relationships of ASCAT backscatter with snow depth, air and ground temperature through correlations and the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) to quantify influences on backscatter values during situations of frozen ground. We studied sites in Alaska, Northern Canada, Scandinavia and Siberia. Air temperature and snow depth data were obtained from 19 World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and 4 Snow Telemetry (SNOTEL) stations. Ground temperature data were obtained from 36 boreholes through the Global Terrestrial Network for Permafrost Database (GTN-P) and additional records from central Yamal. Results suggest distinct differences between sites with and without underlying continuous permafrost. Sites characterized by high freezing indices (>4000 degree-days) have consistently stronger median correlations of ASCAT backscatter with ground temperature for all measurement depths. We show that the dynamics in winter-time backscatter cannot be solely explained through snow processes, but are also highly correlated with ground temperature up to a considerable depth (60 cm). These findings have important implications for both freeze/thaw and snow water equivalent retrieval algorithms based on C-band radar measurements. Text Arctic Global Terrestrial Network for Permafrost GTN-P permafrost Alaska Siberia MDPI Open Access Publishing Arctic Canada Remote Sensing 10 1 142 |
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Open Polar |
collection |
MDPI Open Access Publishing |
op_collection_id |
ftmdpi |
language |
English |
topic |
permafrost ASCAT backscatter snow C-band |
spellingShingle |
permafrost ASCAT backscatter snow C-band Helena Bergstedt Simon Zwieback Annett Bartsch Marina Leibman Dependence of C-Band Backscatter on Ground Temperature, Air Temperature and Snow Depth in Arctic Permafrost Regions |
topic_facet |
permafrost ASCAT backscatter snow C-band |
description |
Microwave remote sensing has found numerous applications in areas affected by permafrost and seasonally frozen ground. In this study, we focused on data obtained by the Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT, C-band) during winter periods when the ground is assumed to be frozen. This paper discusses the relationships of ASCAT backscatter with snow depth, air and ground temperature through correlations and the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) to quantify influences on backscatter values during situations of frozen ground. We studied sites in Alaska, Northern Canada, Scandinavia and Siberia. Air temperature and snow depth data were obtained from 19 World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and 4 Snow Telemetry (SNOTEL) stations. Ground temperature data were obtained from 36 boreholes through the Global Terrestrial Network for Permafrost Database (GTN-P) and additional records from central Yamal. Results suggest distinct differences between sites with and without underlying continuous permafrost. Sites characterized by high freezing indices (>4000 degree-days) have consistently stronger median correlations of ASCAT backscatter with ground temperature for all measurement depths. We show that the dynamics in winter-time backscatter cannot be solely explained through snow processes, but are also highly correlated with ground temperature up to a considerable depth (60 cm). These findings have important implications for both freeze/thaw and snow water equivalent retrieval algorithms based on C-band radar measurements. |
format |
Text |
author |
Helena Bergstedt Simon Zwieback Annett Bartsch Marina Leibman |
author_facet |
Helena Bergstedt Simon Zwieback Annett Bartsch Marina Leibman |
author_sort |
Helena Bergstedt |
title |
Dependence of C-Band Backscatter on Ground Temperature, Air Temperature and Snow Depth in Arctic Permafrost Regions |
title_short |
Dependence of C-Band Backscatter on Ground Temperature, Air Temperature and Snow Depth in Arctic Permafrost Regions |
title_full |
Dependence of C-Band Backscatter on Ground Temperature, Air Temperature and Snow Depth in Arctic Permafrost Regions |
title_fullStr |
Dependence of C-Band Backscatter on Ground Temperature, Air Temperature and Snow Depth in Arctic Permafrost Regions |
title_full_unstemmed |
Dependence of C-Band Backscatter on Ground Temperature, Air Temperature and Snow Depth in Arctic Permafrost Regions |
title_sort |
dependence of c-band backscatter on ground temperature, air temperature and snow depth in arctic permafrost regions |
publisher |
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
publishDate |
2018 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10010142 |
op_coverage |
agris |
geographic |
Arctic Canada |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Canada |
genre |
Arctic Global Terrestrial Network for Permafrost GTN-P permafrost Alaska Siberia |
genre_facet |
Arctic Global Terrestrial Network for Permafrost GTN-P permafrost Alaska Siberia |
op_source |
Remote Sensing; Volume 10; Issue 1; Pages: 142 |
op_relation |
Remote Sensing in Geology, Geomorphology and Hydrology https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10010142 |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10010142 |
container_title |
Remote Sensing |
container_volume |
10 |
container_issue |
1 |
container_start_page |
142 |
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1774715122445451264 |