Possibilities of Using the Tourism Area Life Cycle Model to Understand and Provide Sustainable Solution for Tourism Development in the Antarctic Region
An important problem for the development of tourism in the polar regions is the determination of the limit of tourist traffic that these regions can accept, without risking the degradation of the environment. One such region is Antarctica. This article describes the environmental conditions of Antar...
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ftmdpi:oai:mdpi.com:/2071-1050/10/1/89/ 2023-08-20T04:02:10+02:00 Possibilities of Using the Tourism Area Life Cycle Model to Understand and Provide Sustainable Solution for Tourism Development in the Antarctic Region Zygmunt Kruczek Michał Kruczek Adam R. Szromek agris 2018-01-01 application/pdf https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010089 EN eng Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute Tourism, Culture, and Heritage https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10010089 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Sustainability; Volume 10; Issue 1; Pages: 89 Antarctica exploration tourism Butler cycle development boundaries sustainable development Text 2018 ftmdpi https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010089 2023-07-31T21:20:01Z An important problem for the development of tourism in the polar regions is the determination of the limit of tourist traffic that these regions can accept, without risking the degradation of the environment. One such region is Antarctica. This article describes the environmental conditions of Antarctica that decide its attractiveness for tourists, as well as its political and legal status. The factors that determine a tourist reception area of increasing intensity are analyzed. Based on the data of the International Association of Antarctic Tour Operators (IAATO), the volume of tourist traffic was determined, and environmental problems identified, which result from tourism development in Antarctica. The model of R.W. Butler—Tourism Area Life Cycle (TALC)—was used to analyze the development of tourism. By the middle of the second decade of the 21st century, the number of tourists in the Antarctic region exceeded 40 thousand, which seems to be the largest figure (the “boom phase” in the Butler cycle) in sheer numbers, and which resulted in the introduction of less tourist-friendly behavior, from the point of view of environmental protection. On the basis of IAATO data, the environmental problems that are a consequence of the development of tourism in Antarctica are identified. Reference is made to climate change affecting the area, and on the basis of the Butler cycle, the hypothetical limits of the further development of tourism are described. Text Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica MDPI Open Access Publishing Antarctic The Antarctic Sustainability 10 2 89 |
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MDPI Open Access Publishing |
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language |
English |
topic |
Antarctica exploration tourism Butler cycle development boundaries sustainable development |
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Antarctica exploration tourism Butler cycle development boundaries sustainable development Zygmunt Kruczek Michał Kruczek Adam R. Szromek Possibilities of Using the Tourism Area Life Cycle Model to Understand and Provide Sustainable Solution for Tourism Development in the Antarctic Region |
topic_facet |
Antarctica exploration tourism Butler cycle development boundaries sustainable development |
description |
An important problem for the development of tourism in the polar regions is the determination of the limit of tourist traffic that these regions can accept, without risking the degradation of the environment. One such region is Antarctica. This article describes the environmental conditions of Antarctica that decide its attractiveness for tourists, as well as its political and legal status. The factors that determine a tourist reception area of increasing intensity are analyzed. Based on the data of the International Association of Antarctic Tour Operators (IAATO), the volume of tourist traffic was determined, and environmental problems identified, which result from tourism development in Antarctica. The model of R.W. Butler—Tourism Area Life Cycle (TALC)—was used to analyze the development of tourism. By the middle of the second decade of the 21st century, the number of tourists in the Antarctic region exceeded 40 thousand, which seems to be the largest figure (the “boom phase” in the Butler cycle) in sheer numbers, and which resulted in the introduction of less tourist-friendly behavior, from the point of view of environmental protection. On the basis of IAATO data, the environmental problems that are a consequence of the development of tourism in Antarctica are identified. Reference is made to climate change affecting the area, and on the basis of the Butler cycle, the hypothetical limits of the further development of tourism are described. |
format |
Text |
author |
Zygmunt Kruczek Michał Kruczek Adam R. Szromek |
author_facet |
Zygmunt Kruczek Michał Kruczek Adam R. Szromek |
author_sort |
Zygmunt Kruczek |
title |
Possibilities of Using the Tourism Area Life Cycle Model to Understand and Provide Sustainable Solution for Tourism Development in the Antarctic Region |
title_short |
Possibilities of Using the Tourism Area Life Cycle Model to Understand and Provide Sustainable Solution for Tourism Development in the Antarctic Region |
title_full |
Possibilities of Using the Tourism Area Life Cycle Model to Understand and Provide Sustainable Solution for Tourism Development in the Antarctic Region |
title_fullStr |
Possibilities of Using the Tourism Area Life Cycle Model to Understand and Provide Sustainable Solution for Tourism Development in the Antarctic Region |
title_full_unstemmed |
Possibilities of Using the Tourism Area Life Cycle Model to Understand and Provide Sustainable Solution for Tourism Development in the Antarctic Region |
title_sort |
possibilities of using the tourism area life cycle model to understand and provide sustainable solution for tourism development in the antarctic region |
publisher |
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
publishDate |
2018 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010089 |
op_coverage |
agris |
geographic |
Antarctic The Antarctic |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic The Antarctic |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica |
op_source |
Sustainability; Volume 10; Issue 1; Pages: 89 |
op_relation |
Tourism, Culture, and Heritage https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10010089 |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010089 |
container_title |
Sustainability |
container_volume |
10 |
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2 |
container_start_page |
89 |
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1774712541446930432 |