Nanotechnology Applications of Flavonoids for Viral Diseases
Recent years have witnessed the emergence of several viral diseases, including various zoonotic diseases such as the current pandemic caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Other viruses, which possess pandemic-causing potential include avian flu, Ebola, dengue,...
Published in: | Pharmaceutics |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
Format: | Text |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
2021
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13111895 |
id |
ftmdpi:oai:mdpi.com:/1999-4923/13/11/1895/ |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftmdpi:oai:mdpi.com:/1999-4923/13/11/1895/ 2023-08-20T04:05:23+02:00 Nanotechnology Applications of Flavonoids for Viral Diseases Khoshnur Jannat Alok K. Paul Tohmina A. Bondhon Anamul Hasan Muhammad Nawaz Rownak Jahan Tooba Mahboob Veeranoot Nissapatorn Polrat Wilairatana Maria de Lourdes Pereira Mohammed Rahmatullah 2021-11-08 application/pdf https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13111895 EN eng Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute Nanomedicine and Nanotechnology https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13111895 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Pharmaceutics; Volume 13; Issue 11; Pages: 1895 flavonoids anti-viral nanotechnology bioavailability drug delivery Text 2021 ftmdpi https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13111895 2023-08-01T03:11:26Z Recent years have witnessed the emergence of several viral diseases, including various zoonotic diseases such as the current pandemic caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Other viruses, which possess pandemic-causing potential include avian flu, Ebola, dengue, Zika, and Nipah virus, as well as the re-emergence of SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) and MERS (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome) coronaviruses. Notably, effective drugs or vaccines against these viruses are still to be discovered. All the newly approved vaccines against the SARS-CoV-2-induced disease COVID-19 possess real-time possibility of becoming obsolete because of the development of ‘variants of concern’. Flavonoids are being increasingly recognized as prophylactic and therapeutic agents against emerging and old viral diseases. Around 10,000 natural flavonoid compounds have been identified, being phytochemicals, all plant-based. Flavonoids have been reported to have lesser side effects than conventional anti-viral agents and are effective against more viral diseases than currently used anti-virals. Despite their abundance in plants, which are a part of human diet, flavonoids have the problem of low bioavailability. Various attempts are in progress to increase the bioavailability of flavonoids, one of the promising fields being nanotechnology. This review is a narrative of some anti-viral dietary flavonoids, their bioavailability, and various means with an emphasis on the nanotechnology system(s) being experimented with to deliver anti-viral flavonoids, whose systems show potential in the efficient delivery of flavonoids, resulting in increased bioavailability. Text Avian flu MDPI Open Access Publishing Pharmaceutics 13 11 1895 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
MDPI Open Access Publishing |
op_collection_id |
ftmdpi |
language |
English |
topic |
flavonoids anti-viral nanotechnology bioavailability drug delivery |
spellingShingle |
flavonoids anti-viral nanotechnology bioavailability drug delivery Khoshnur Jannat Alok K. Paul Tohmina A. Bondhon Anamul Hasan Muhammad Nawaz Rownak Jahan Tooba Mahboob Veeranoot Nissapatorn Polrat Wilairatana Maria de Lourdes Pereira Mohammed Rahmatullah Nanotechnology Applications of Flavonoids for Viral Diseases |
topic_facet |
flavonoids anti-viral nanotechnology bioavailability drug delivery |
description |
Recent years have witnessed the emergence of several viral diseases, including various zoonotic diseases such as the current pandemic caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Other viruses, which possess pandemic-causing potential include avian flu, Ebola, dengue, Zika, and Nipah virus, as well as the re-emergence of SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) and MERS (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome) coronaviruses. Notably, effective drugs or vaccines against these viruses are still to be discovered. All the newly approved vaccines against the SARS-CoV-2-induced disease COVID-19 possess real-time possibility of becoming obsolete because of the development of ‘variants of concern’. Flavonoids are being increasingly recognized as prophylactic and therapeutic agents against emerging and old viral diseases. Around 10,000 natural flavonoid compounds have been identified, being phytochemicals, all plant-based. Flavonoids have been reported to have lesser side effects than conventional anti-viral agents and are effective against more viral diseases than currently used anti-virals. Despite their abundance in plants, which are a part of human diet, flavonoids have the problem of low bioavailability. Various attempts are in progress to increase the bioavailability of flavonoids, one of the promising fields being nanotechnology. This review is a narrative of some anti-viral dietary flavonoids, their bioavailability, and various means with an emphasis on the nanotechnology system(s) being experimented with to deliver anti-viral flavonoids, whose systems show potential in the efficient delivery of flavonoids, resulting in increased bioavailability. |
format |
Text |
author |
Khoshnur Jannat Alok K. Paul Tohmina A. Bondhon Anamul Hasan Muhammad Nawaz Rownak Jahan Tooba Mahboob Veeranoot Nissapatorn Polrat Wilairatana Maria de Lourdes Pereira Mohammed Rahmatullah |
author_facet |
Khoshnur Jannat Alok K. Paul Tohmina A. Bondhon Anamul Hasan Muhammad Nawaz Rownak Jahan Tooba Mahboob Veeranoot Nissapatorn Polrat Wilairatana Maria de Lourdes Pereira Mohammed Rahmatullah |
author_sort |
Khoshnur Jannat |
title |
Nanotechnology Applications of Flavonoids for Viral Diseases |
title_short |
Nanotechnology Applications of Flavonoids for Viral Diseases |
title_full |
Nanotechnology Applications of Flavonoids for Viral Diseases |
title_fullStr |
Nanotechnology Applications of Flavonoids for Viral Diseases |
title_full_unstemmed |
Nanotechnology Applications of Flavonoids for Viral Diseases |
title_sort |
nanotechnology applications of flavonoids for viral diseases |
publisher |
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13111895 |
genre |
Avian flu |
genre_facet |
Avian flu |
op_source |
Pharmaceutics; Volume 13; Issue 11; Pages: 1895 |
op_relation |
Nanomedicine and Nanotechnology https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13111895 |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13111895 |
container_title |
Pharmaceutics |
container_volume |
13 |
container_issue |
11 |
container_start_page |
1895 |
_version_ |
1774715888912564224 |