A Novel Iridovirus Discovered in Deep-Sea Carnivorous Sponges
Carnivorous sponges (family Cladorhizidae) use small invertebrates as their main source of nutrients. We discovered a novel iridovirus (carnivorous sponge-associated iridovirus, CaSpA-IV) in Chondrocladia grandis and Cladorhiza oxeata specimens collected in the Arctic and Atlantic oceans at depths o...
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2022
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ftmdpi:oai:mdpi.com:/1999-4915/14/8/1595/ 2023-08-20T04:04:41+02:00 A Novel Iridovirus Discovered in Deep-Sea Carnivorous Sponges Marta Canuti Gabrielle Large Joost T. P. Verhoeven Suzanne C. Dufour agris 2022-07-22 application/pdf https://doi.org/10.3390/v14081595 EN eng Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute Animal Viruses https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14081595 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Viruses; Volume 14; Issue 8; Pages: 1595 iridovirus carnivorous sponges Chondrocladia Cladorhizidae virus discovery Text 2022 ftmdpi https://doi.org/10.3390/v14081595 2023-08-01T05:47:52Z Carnivorous sponges (family Cladorhizidae) use small invertebrates as their main source of nutrients. We discovered a novel iridovirus (carnivorous sponge-associated iridovirus, CaSpA-IV) in Chondrocladia grandis and Cladorhiza oxeata specimens collected in the Arctic and Atlantic oceans at depths of 537–852 m. The sequenced viral genome (~190,000 bp) comprised 185 predicted ORFs, including those encoding 26 iridoviral core proteins, and phylogenetic analyses showed that CaSpA-IV is a close relative to members of the genus Decapodiridovirus and highly identical to a partially sequenced virus pathogenic to decapod shrimps. CaSpA-IV was found in various anatomical regions of six C. grandis (sphere, stem, root) from the Gulf of Maine and Baffin Bay and of two C. oxeata (sphere, secondary axis) from Baffin Bay. Partial MCP sequencing revealed a divergent virus (CaSpA-IV-2) in one C. oxeata. The analysis of a 10 nt long tandem repeat showed a number of repeats consistent across sub-sections of the same sponges but different between animals, suggesting the presence of different strains. As the genetic material of crustaceans, particularly from the zooplanktonic copepod order Calanoida, was identified in the investigated samples, further studies are required to elucidate whether CaSpA-IV infects the carnivorous sponges, their crustacean prey, or both. Text Arctic Baffin Bay Baffin Bay Baffin MDPI Open Access Publishing Arctic Baffin Bay Viruses 14 8 1595 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
MDPI Open Access Publishing |
op_collection_id |
ftmdpi |
language |
English |
topic |
iridovirus carnivorous sponges Chondrocladia Cladorhizidae virus discovery |
spellingShingle |
iridovirus carnivorous sponges Chondrocladia Cladorhizidae virus discovery Marta Canuti Gabrielle Large Joost T. P. Verhoeven Suzanne C. Dufour A Novel Iridovirus Discovered in Deep-Sea Carnivorous Sponges |
topic_facet |
iridovirus carnivorous sponges Chondrocladia Cladorhizidae virus discovery |
description |
Carnivorous sponges (family Cladorhizidae) use small invertebrates as their main source of nutrients. We discovered a novel iridovirus (carnivorous sponge-associated iridovirus, CaSpA-IV) in Chondrocladia grandis and Cladorhiza oxeata specimens collected in the Arctic and Atlantic oceans at depths of 537–852 m. The sequenced viral genome (~190,000 bp) comprised 185 predicted ORFs, including those encoding 26 iridoviral core proteins, and phylogenetic analyses showed that CaSpA-IV is a close relative to members of the genus Decapodiridovirus and highly identical to a partially sequenced virus pathogenic to decapod shrimps. CaSpA-IV was found in various anatomical regions of six C. grandis (sphere, stem, root) from the Gulf of Maine and Baffin Bay and of two C. oxeata (sphere, secondary axis) from Baffin Bay. Partial MCP sequencing revealed a divergent virus (CaSpA-IV-2) in one C. oxeata. The analysis of a 10 nt long tandem repeat showed a number of repeats consistent across sub-sections of the same sponges but different between animals, suggesting the presence of different strains. As the genetic material of crustaceans, particularly from the zooplanktonic copepod order Calanoida, was identified in the investigated samples, further studies are required to elucidate whether CaSpA-IV infects the carnivorous sponges, their crustacean prey, or both. |
format |
Text |
author |
Marta Canuti Gabrielle Large Joost T. P. Verhoeven Suzanne C. Dufour |
author_facet |
Marta Canuti Gabrielle Large Joost T. P. Verhoeven Suzanne C. Dufour |
author_sort |
Marta Canuti |
title |
A Novel Iridovirus Discovered in Deep-Sea Carnivorous Sponges |
title_short |
A Novel Iridovirus Discovered in Deep-Sea Carnivorous Sponges |
title_full |
A Novel Iridovirus Discovered in Deep-Sea Carnivorous Sponges |
title_fullStr |
A Novel Iridovirus Discovered in Deep-Sea Carnivorous Sponges |
title_full_unstemmed |
A Novel Iridovirus Discovered in Deep-Sea Carnivorous Sponges |
title_sort |
novel iridovirus discovered in deep-sea carnivorous sponges |
publisher |
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/v14081595 |
op_coverage |
agris |
geographic |
Arctic Baffin Bay |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Baffin Bay |
genre |
Arctic Baffin Bay Baffin Bay Baffin |
genre_facet |
Arctic Baffin Bay Baffin Bay Baffin |
op_source |
Viruses; Volume 14; Issue 8; Pages: 1595 |
op_relation |
Animal Viruses https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14081595 |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/v14081595 |
container_title |
Viruses |
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14 |
container_issue |
8 |
container_start_page |
1595 |
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1774715061471805440 |