West Nile Virus Lineage 2 Spreads Westwards in Europe and Overwinters in North-Eastern Spain (2017–2020)
West Nile virus lineage 2 (WNV-L2) emerged in Europe in 2004; since then, it has spread across the continent, causing outbreaks in humans and animals. During 2017 and 2020, WNV-L2 was detected and isolated from four northern goshawks in two provinces of Catalonia (north-eastern Spain). In order to c...
Published in: | Viruses |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
Format: | Text |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
2022
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3390/v14030569 |
id |
ftmdpi:oai:mdpi.com:/1999-4915/14/3/569/ |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftmdpi:oai:mdpi.com:/1999-4915/14/3/569/ 2023-08-20T04:08:44+02:00 West Nile Virus Lineage 2 Spreads Westwards in Europe and Overwinters in North-Eastern Spain (2017–2020) Pilar Aguilera-Sepúlveda Sebastián Napp Francisco Llorente Carlos Solano-Manrique Rafael Molina-López Elena Obón Alba Solé Miguel Ángel Jiménez-Clavero Jovita Fernández-Pinero Núria Busquets agris 2022-03-09 application/pdf https://doi.org/10.3390/v14030569 EN eng Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute Animal Viruses https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14030569 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Viruses; Volume 14; Issue 3; Pages: 569 West Nile virus lineage-2 Spain phylogeny avian host northern goshawk overwintering Europe Text 2022 ftmdpi https://doi.org/10.3390/v14030569 2023-08-01T04:24:45Z West Nile virus lineage 2 (WNV-L2) emerged in Europe in 2004; since then, it has spread across the continent, causing outbreaks in humans and animals. During 2017 and 2020, WNV-L2 was detected and isolated from four northern goshawks in two provinces of Catalonia (north-eastern Spain). In order to characterise the first Spanish WNV-L2 isolates and elucidate the potential overwintering of the virus in this Mediterranean region, complete genome sequencing, phylogenetic analyses, and a study of phenotypic characterisation were performed. Our results showed that these Spanish isolates belonged to the central-southern WNV-L2 clade. In more detail, they were related to the Lombardy cluster that emerged in Italy in 2013 and has been able to spread westwards, causing outbreaks in France (2018) and Spain (2017 and 2020). Phenotypic characterisation performed in vitro showed that these isolates presented characteristics corresponding to strains of moderate to high virulence. All these findings evidence that these WNV-L2 strains have been able to circulate and overwinter in the region, and are pathogenic, at least in northern goshawks, which seem to be very susceptible to WNV infection and may be good indicators of WNV-L2 circulation. Due to the increasing number of human and animal cases in Europe in the last years, this zoonotic flavivirus should be kept under extensive surveillance, following a One-Health approach. Text Northern Goshawk MDPI Open Access Publishing Viruses 14 3 569 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
MDPI Open Access Publishing |
op_collection_id |
ftmdpi |
language |
English |
topic |
West Nile virus lineage-2 Spain phylogeny avian host northern goshawk overwintering Europe |
spellingShingle |
West Nile virus lineage-2 Spain phylogeny avian host northern goshawk overwintering Europe Pilar Aguilera-Sepúlveda Sebastián Napp Francisco Llorente Carlos Solano-Manrique Rafael Molina-López Elena Obón Alba Solé Miguel Ángel Jiménez-Clavero Jovita Fernández-Pinero Núria Busquets West Nile Virus Lineage 2 Spreads Westwards in Europe and Overwinters in North-Eastern Spain (2017–2020) |
topic_facet |
West Nile virus lineage-2 Spain phylogeny avian host northern goshawk overwintering Europe |
description |
West Nile virus lineage 2 (WNV-L2) emerged in Europe in 2004; since then, it has spread across the continent, causing outbreaks in humans and animals. During 2017 and 2020, WNV-L2 was detected and isolated from four northern goshawks in two provinces of Catalonia (north-eastern Spain). In order to characterise the first Spanish WNV-L2 isolates and elucidate the potential overwintering of the virus in this Mediterranean region, complete genome sequencing, phylogenetic analyses, and a study of phenotypic characterisation were performed. Our results showed that these Spanish isolates belonged to the central-southern WNV-L2 clade. In more detail, they were related to the Lombardy cluster that emerged in Italy in 2013 and has been able to spread westwards, causing outbreaks in France (2018) and Spain (2017 and 2020). Phenotypic characterisation performed in vitro showed that these isolates presented characteristics corresponding to strains of moderate to high virulence. All these findings evidence that these WNV-L2 strains have been able to circulate and overwinter in the region, and are pathogenic, at least in northern goshawks, which seem to be very susceptible to WNV infection and may be good indicators of WNV-L2 circulation. Due to the increasing number of human and animal cases in Europe in the last years, this zoonotic flavivirus should be kept under extensive surveillance, following a One-Health approach. |
format |
Text |
author |
Pilar Aguilera-Sepúlveda Sebastián Napp Francisco Llorente Carlos Solano-Manrique Rafael Molina-López Elena Obón Alba Solé Miguel Ángel Jiménez-Clavero Jovita Fernández-Pinero Núria Busquets |
author_facet |
Pilar Aguilera-Sepúlveda Sebastián Napp Francisco Llorente Carlos Solano-Manrique Rafael Molina-López Elena Obón Alba Solé Miguel Ángel Jiménez-Clavero Jovita Fernández-Pinero Núria Busquets |
author_sort |
Pilar Aguilera-Sepúlveda |
title |
West Nile Virus Lineage 2 Spreads Westwards in Europe and Overwinters in North-Eastern Spain (2017–2020) |
title_short |
West Nile Virus Lineage 2 Spreads Westwards in Europe and Overwinters in North-Eastern Spain (2017–2020) |
title_full |
West Nile Virus Lineage 2 Spreads Westwards in Europe and Overwinters in North-Eastern Spain (2017–2020) |
title_fullStr |
West Nile Virus Lineage 2 Spreads Westwards in Europe and Overwinters in North-Eastern Spain (2017–2020) |
title_full_unstemmed |
West Nile Virus Lineage 2 Spreads Westwards in Europe and Overwinters in North-Eastern Spain (2017–2020) |
title_sort |
west nile virus lineage 2 spreads westwards in europe and overwinters in north-eastern spain (2017–2020) |
publisher |
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/v14030569 |
op_coverage |
agris |
genre |
Northern Goshawk |
genre_facet |
Northern Goshawk |
op_source |
Viruses; Volume 14; Issue 3; Pages: 569 |
op_relation |
Animal Viruses https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14030569 |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/v14030569 |
container_title |
Viruses |
container_volume |
14 |
container_issue |
3 |
container_start_page |
569 |
_version_ |
1774721199937421312 |