Infectious Salmon Anemia Virus Shedding from Infected Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.)—Application of a Droplet Digital PCR Assay for Virus Quantification in Seawater
Infectious salmon anemia virus (ISAV) infection is currently detected by fish sampling for PCR and immunohistochemistry analysis. As an alternative to sampling fish, we evaluated two different membrane filters in combination with four buffers for elution, concentration, and detection of ISAV in seaw...
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ftmdpi:oai:mdpi.com:/1999-4915/13/9/1770/ 2023-08-20T04:05:17+02:00 Infectious Salmon Anemia Virus Shedding from Infected Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.)—Application of a Droplet Digital PCR Assay for Virus Quantification in Seawater Simon Chioma Weli Lisa-Victoria Bernhardt Lars Qviller Ole Bendik Dale Atle Lillehaug agris 2021-09-04 application/pdf https://doi.org/10.3390/v13091770 EN eng Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute Animal Viruses https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13091770 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Viruses; Volume 13; Issue 9; Pages: 1770 ISAV concentration membrane filter ISAV detection ISAV transmission anemia aquaculture fish virus Text 2021 ftmdpi https://doi.org/10.3390/v13091770 2023-08-01T02:37:15Z Infectious salmon anemia virus (ISAV) infection is currently detected by fish sampling for PCR and immunohistochemistry analysis. As an alternative to sampling fish, we evaluated two different membrane filters in combination with four buffers for elution, concentration, and detection of ISAV in seawater, during a bath challenge of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) post-smolts with high and low concentrations of ISAV. Transmission of ISAV in the bath challenge was confirmed by a high mortality, clinical signs associated with ISA disease, and detection of ISAV RNA in organ tissues and seawater samples. The electronegatively charged filter, combined with lysis buffer, gave significantly higher ISAV RNA detection by droplet digital PCR from seawater (5.6 × 104 ISAV RNA copies/L; p < 0.001). Viral shedding in seawater was first detected at two days post-challenge and peaked on day 11 post-challenge, one day before mortalities started in fish challenged with high dose ISAV, demonstrating that a large viral shedding event occurs before death. These data provide important information for ISAV shedding that is relevant for the development of improved surveillance tools based on water samples, transmission models, and management of ISA. Text Atlantic salmon Salmo salar MDPI Open Access Publishing Viruses 13 9 1770 |
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MDPI Open Access Publishing |
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English |
topic |
ISAV concentration membrane filter ISAV detection ISAV transmission anemia aquaculture fish virus |
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ISAV concentration membrane filter ISAV detection ISAV transmission anemia aquaculture fish virus Simon Chioma Weli Lisa-Victoria Bernhardt Lars Qviller Ole Bendik Dale Atle Lillehaug Infectious Salmon Anemia Virus Shedding from Infected Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.)—Application of a Droplet Digital PCR Assay for Virus Quantification in Seawater |
topic_facet |
ISAV concentration membrane filter ISAV detection ISAV transmission anemia aquaculture fish virus |
description |
Infectious salmon anemia virus (ISAV) infection is currently detected by fish sampling for PCR and immunohistochemistry analysis. As an alternative to sampling fish, we evaluated two different membrane filters in combination with four buffers for elution, concentration, and detection of ISAV in seawater, during a bath challenge of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) post-smolts with high and low concentrations of ISAV. Transmission of ISAV in the bath challenge was confirmed by a high mortality, clinical signs associated with ISA disease, and detection of ISAV RNA in organ tissues and seawater samples. The electronegatively charged filter, combined with lysis buffer, gave significantly higher ISAV RNA detection by droplet digital PCR from seawater (5.6 × 104 ISAV RNA copies/L; p < 0.001). Viral shedding in seawater was first detected at two days post-challenge and peaked on day 11 post-challenge, one day before mortalities started in fish challenged with high dose ISAV, demonstrating that a large viral shedding event occurs before death. These data provide important information for ISAV shedding that is relevant for the development of improved surveillance tools based on water samples, transmission models, and management of ISA. |
format |
Text |
author |
Simon Chioma Weli Lisa-Victoria Bernhardt Lars Qviller Ole Bendik Dale Atle Lillehaug |
author_facet |
Simon Chioma Weli Lisa-Victoria Bernhardt Lars Qviller Ole Bendik Dale Atle Lillehaug |
author_sort |
Simon Chioma Weli |
title |
Infectious Salmon Anemia Virus Shedding from Infected Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.)—Application of a Droplet Digital PCR Assay for Virus Quantification in Seawater |
title_short |
Infectious Salmon Anemia Virus Shedding from Infected Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.)—Application of a Droplet Digital PCR Assay for Virus Quantification in Seawater |
title_full |
Infectious Salmon Anemia Virus Shedding from Infected Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.)—Application of a Droplet Digital PCR Assay for Virus Quantification in Seawater |
title_fullStr |
Infectious Salmon Anemia Virus Shedding from Infected Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.)—Application of a Droplet Digital PCR Assay for Virus Quantification in Seawater |
title_full_unstemmed |
Infectious Salmon Anemia Virus Shedding from Infected Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.)—Application of a Droplet Digital PCR Assay for Virus Quantification in Seawater |
title_sort |
infectious salmon anemia virus shedding from infected atlantic salmon (salmo salar l.)—application of a droplet digital pcr assay for virus quantification in seawater |
publisher |
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/v13091770 |
op_coverage |
agris |
genre |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
genre_facet |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
op_source |
Viruses; Volume 13; Issue 9; Pages: 1770 |
op_relation |
Animal Viruses https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13091770 |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/v13091770 |
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Viruses |
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13 |
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9 |
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1770 |
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1774715785906749440 |