Distribution and Pathogenicity of Two Cutthroat Trout Virus (CTV) Genotypes in Canada
The sole member of the Piscihepevirus genus (family Hepeviridae) is cutthroat trout virus (CTV) but recent metatranscriptomic studies have identified numerous fish hepevirus sequences including CTV-2. In the current study, viruses with sequences resembling both CTV and CTV-2 were isolated from salmo...
Published in: | Viruses |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
Format: | Text |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
2021
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3390/v13091730 |
id |
ftmdpi:oai:mdpi.com:/1999-4915/13/9/1730/ |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftmdpi:oai:mdpi.com:/1999-4915/13/9/1730/ 2023-08-20T04:05:18+02:00 Distribution and Pathogenicity of Two Cutthroat Trout Virus (CTV) Genotypes in Canada Amy Long Francis LeBlanc Jean-René Arseneau Nellie Gagne Katja Einer-Jensen Jan Lovy Mark Polinski Simon Jones Kyle A Garver agris 2021-08-31 application/pdf https://doi.org/10.3390/v13091730 EN eng Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute Animal Viruses https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13091730 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Viruses; Volume 13; Issue 9; Pages: 1730 Hepeviridae Piscihepevirus cutthroat trout virus CTV-2 Atlantic salmon Pacific salmon hepatitis E virus Text 2021 ftmdpi https://doi.org/10.3390/v13091730 2023-08-01T02:34:56Z The sole member of the Piscihepevirus genus (family Hepeviridae) is cutthroat trout virus (CTV) but recent metatranscriptomic studies have identified numerous fish hepevirus sequences including CTV-2. In the current study, viruses with sequences resembling both CTV and CTV-2 were isolated from salmonids in eastern and western Canada. Phylogenetic analysis of eight full genomes delineated the Canadian CTV isolates into two genotypes (CTV-1 and CTV-2) within the Piscihepevirus genus. Hepevirus genomes typically have three open reading frames but an ORF3 counterpart was not predicted in the Canadian CTV isolates. In vitro replication of a CTV-2 isolate produced cytopathic effects in the CHSE-214 cell line with similar amplification efficiency as CTV. Likewise, the morphology of the CTV-2 isolate resembled CTV, yet viral replication caused dilation of the endoplasmic reticulum lumen which was not previously observed. Controlled laboratory studies exposing sockeye (Oncorhynchus nerka), pink (O. gorbuscha), and chinook salmon (O.tshawytscha) to CTV-2 resulted in persistent infections without disease and mortality. Infected Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and chinook salmon served as hosts and potential reservoirs of CTV-2. The data presented herein provides the first in vitro and in vivo characterization of CTV-2 and reveals greater diversity of piscihepeviruses extending the known host range and geographic distribution of CTV viruses. Text Atlantic salmon Salmo salar MDPI Open Access Publishing Canada Pacific Sockeye ENVELOPE(-130.143,-130.143,54.160,54.160) Viruses 13 9 1730 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
MDPI Open Access Publishing |
op_collection_id |
ftmdpi |
language |
English |
topic |
Hepeviridae Piscihepevirus cutthroat trout virus CTV-2 Atlantic salmon Pacific salmon hepatitis E virus |
spellingShingle |
Hepeviridae Piscihepevirus cutthroat trout virus CTV-2 Atlantic salmon Pacific salmon hepatitis E virus Amy Long Francis LeBlanc Jean-René Arseneau Nellie Gagne Katja Einer-Jensen Jan Lovy Mark Polinski Simon Jones Kyle A Garver Distribution and Pathogenicity of Two Cutthroat Trout Virus (CTV) Genotypes in Canada |
topic_facet |
Hepeviridae Piscihepevirus cutthroat trout virus CTV-2 Atlantic salmon Pacific salmon hepatitis E virus |
description |
The sole member of the Piscihepevirus genus (family Hepeviridae) is cutthroat trout virus (CTV) but recent metatranscriptomic studies have identified numerous fish hepevirus sequences including CTV-2. In the current study, viruses with sequences resembling both CTV and CTV-2 were isolated from salmonids in eastern and western Canada. Phylogenetic analysis of eight full genomes delineated the Canadian CTV isolates into two genotypes (CTV-1 and CTV-2) within the Piscihepevirus genus. Hepevirus genomes typically have three open reading frames but an ORF3 counterpart was not predicted in the Canadian CTV isolates. In vitro replication of a CTV-2 isolate produced cytopathic effects in the CHSE-214 cell line with similar amplification efficiency as CTV. Likewise, the morphology of the CTV-2 isolate resembled CTV, yet viral replication caused dilation of the endoplasmic reticulum lumen which was not previously observed. Controlled laboratory studies exposing sockeye (Oncorhynchus nerka), pink (O. gorbuscha), and chinook salmon (O.tshawytscha) to CTV-2 resulted in persistent infections without disease and mortality. Infected Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and chinook salmon served as hosts and potential reservoirs of CTV-2. The data presented herein provides the first in vitro and in vivo characterization of CTV-2 and reveals greater diversity of piscihepeviruses extending the known host range and geographic distribution of CTV viruses. |
format |
Text |
author |
Amy Long Francis LeBlanc Jean-René Arseneau Nellie Gagne Katja Einer-Jensen Jan Lovy Mark Polinski Simon Jones Kyle A Garver |
author_facet |
Amy Long Francis LeBlanc Jean-René Arseneau Nellie Gagne Katja Einer-Jensen Jan Lovy Mark Polinski Simon Jones Kyle A Garver |
author_sort |
Amy Long |
title |
Distribution and Pathogenicity of Two Cutthroat Trout Virus (CTV) Genotypes in Canada |
title_short |
Distribution and Pathogenicity of Two Cutthroat Trout Virus (CTV) Genotypes in Canada |
title_full |
Distribution and Pathogenicity of Two Cutthroat Trout Virus (CTV) Genotypes in Canada |
title_fullStr |
Distribution and Pathogenicity of Two Cutthroat Trout Virus (CTV) Genotypes in Canada |
title_full_unstemmed |
Distribution and Pathogenicity of Two Cutthroat Trout Virus (CTV) Genotypes in Canada |
title_sort |
distribution and pathogenicity of two cutthroat trout virus (ctv) genotypes in canada |
publisher |
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/v13091730 |
op_coverage |
agris |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-130.143,-130.143,54.160,54.160) |
geographic |
Canada Pacific Sockeye |
geographic_facet |
Canada Pacific Sockeye |
genre |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
genre_facet |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
op_source |
Viruses; Volume 13; Issue 9; Pages: 1730 |
op_relation |
Animal Viruses https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13091730 |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/v13091730 |
container_title |
Viruses |
container_volume |
13 |
container_issue |
9 |
container_start_page |
1730 |
_version_ |
1774715789656457216 |