Comparative Molecular Characterization of Novel and Known Piscine Toti-Like Viruses
Totiviridae is a virus family well known to infect uni-cellular organisms like fungi and protozoa. In more recent years, viruses characterized as toti-like viruses, have been found in primarily arthropods, but also a couple in planarians and piscine species. These toti-like viruses share phylogeneti...
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ftmdpi:oai:mdpi.com:/1999-4915/13/6/1063/ 2023-08-20T04:05:21+02:00 Comparative Molecular Characterization of Novel and Known Piscine Toti-Like Viruses Liv Sandlund Sunil K. Mor Vikash K. Singh Soumesh K. Padhi Nicholas B. D. Phelps Stian Nylund Aase B. Mikalsen agris 2021-06-03 application/pdf https://doi.org/10.3390/v13061063 EN eng Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute Animal Viruses https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13061063 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Viruses; Volume 13; Issue 6; Pages: 1063 piscine toti-like viruses Totiviridae phylogeny genomic characterization Text 2021 ftmdpi https://doi.org/10.3390/v13061063 2023-08-01T01:52:34Z Totiviridae is a virus family well known to infect uni-cellular organisms like fungi and protozoa. In more recent years, viruses characterized as toti-like viruses, have been found in primarily arthropods, but also a couple in planarians and piscine species. These toti-like viruses share phylogenetic similarities to totiviruses; however, their genomes also includes additional coding sequences in either 5′ or 3′ ends expected to relate to more advanced infection mechanisms in more advanced hosts. Here, we applied next generation sequencing (NGS) technologies and discovered three new toti-like viruses, one in wild common carp and one in bluegill from the USA and one in farmed lumpsucker from Norway. These are named common carp toti-like virus 1 (CCTLV-1), bluegill toti-like virus 1 (BGTLV-1), and Cyclopterus lumpus toti-like virus (CLuTLV), respectively. The genomes of these viruses have been characterized and compared to the three previously known piscine toti-like viruses, piscine myocarditis virus (PMCV) found in Atlantic salmon and the two from golden shiner, now named golden shiner toti-like virus 1 and 2 (GSTLV-1 and -2), and also to totiviruses and other toti-like viruses. We found that four piscine toti-like viruses had additional gene(s) in the 3′ end of the genome, and also clustered phylogenetically based on both capsid and RdRp-genes. This cluster constituted a distant branch in the Totiviridae, and we suggest this should be defined as a separate genus named Pistolvirus, to reflect this major cluster of piscine toti-like viruses. The remaining two piscine toti-like viruses differentiated from these by lacking any additional 3′ end genes and also by phylogenetical relation, but were both clustering with arthropod viruses in two different clusters. Text Atlantic salmon MDPI Open Access Publishing Norway Viruses 13 6 1063 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
MDPI Open Access Publishing |
op_collection_id |
ftmdpi |
language |
English |
topic |
piscine toti-like viruses Totiviridae phylogeny genomic characterization |
spellingShingle |
piscine toti-like viruses Totiviridae phylogeny genomic characterization Liv Sandlund Sunil K. Mor Vikash K. Singh Soumesh K. Padhi Nicholas B. D. Phelps Stian Nylund Aase B. Mikalsen Comparative Molecular Characterization of Novel and Known Piscine Toti-Like Viruses |
topic_facet |
piscine toti-like viruses Totiviridae phylogeny genomic characterization |
description |
Totiviridae is a virus family well known to infect uni-cellular organisms like fungi and protozoa. In more recent years, viruses characterized as toti-like viruses, have been found in primarily arthropods, but also a couple in planarians and piscine species. These toti-like viruses share phylogenetic similarities to totiviruses; however, their genomes also includes additional coding sequences in either 5′ or 3′ ends expected to relate to more advanced infection mechanisms in more advanced hosts. Here, we applied next generation sequencing (NGS) technologies and discovered three new toti-like viruses, one in wild common carp and one in bluegill from the USA and one in farmed lumpsucker from Norway. These are named common carp toti-like virus 1 (CCTLV-1), bluegill toti-like virus 1 (BGTLV-1), and Cyclopterus lumpus toti-like virus (CLuTLV), respectively. The genomes of these viruses have been characterized and compared to the three previously known piscine toti-like viruses, piscine myocarditis virus (PMCV) found in Atlantic salmon and the two from golden shiner, now named golden shiner toti-like virus 1 and 2 (GSTLV-1 and -2), and also to totiviruses and other toti-like viruses. We found that four piscine toti-like viruses had additional gene(s) in the 3′ end of the genome, and also clustered phylogenetically based on both capsid and RdRp-genes. This cluster constituted a distant branch in the Totiviridae, and we suggest this should be defined as a separate genus named Pistolvirus, to reflect this major cluster of piscine toti-like viruses. The remaining two piscine toti-like viruses differentiated from these by lacking any additional 3′ end genes and also by phylogenetical relation, but were both clustering with arthropod viruses in two different clusters. |
format |
Text |
author |
Liv Sandlund Sunil K. Mor Vikash K. Singh Soumesh K. Padhi Nicholas B. D. Phelps Stian Nylund Aase B. Mikalsen |
author_facet |
Liv Sandlund Sunil K. Mor Vikash K. Singh Soumesh K. Padhi Nicholas B. D. Phelps Stian Nylund Aase B. Mikalsen |
author_sort |
Liv Sandlund |
title |
Comparative Molecular Characterization of Novel and Known Piscine Toti-Like Viruses |
title_short |
Comparative Molecular Characterization of Novel and Known Piscine Toti-Like Viruses |
title_full |
Comparative Molecular Characterization of Novel and Known Piscine Toti-Like Viruses |
title_fullStr |
Comparative Molecular Characterization of Novel and Known Piscine Toti-Like Viruses |
title_full_unstemmed |
Comparative Molecular Characterization of Novel and Known Piscine Toti-Like Viruses |
title_sort |
comparative molecular characterization of novel and known piscine toti-like viruses |
publisher |
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/v13061063 |
op_coverage |
agris |
geographic |
Norway |
geographic_facet |
Norway |
genre |
Atlantic salmon |
genre_facet |
Atlantic salmon |
op_source |
Viruses; Volume 13; Issue 6; Pages: 1063 |
op_relation |
Animal Viruses https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13061063 |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/v13061063 |
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Viruses |
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13 |
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6 |
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1063 |
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