Identification and Distribution of Novel Cressdnaviruses and Circular Molecules in Four Penguin Species in South Georgia and the Antarctic Peninsula
There is growing interest in uncovering the viral diversity present in wild animal species. The remote Antarctic region is home to a wealth of uncovered microbial diversity, some of which is associated with its megafauna, including penguin species, the dominant avian biota. Penguins interface with a...
Published in: | Viruses |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
Format: | Text |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
2020
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3390/v12091029 |
id |
ftmdpi:oai:mdpi.com:/1999-4915/12/9/1029/ |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftmdpi:oai:mdpi.com:/1999-4915/12/9/1029/ 2023-08-20T04:01:26+02:00 Identification and Distribution of Novel Cressdnaviruses and Circular Molecules in Four Penguin Species in South Georgia and the Antarctic Peninsula Hila Levy Rafaela S. Fontenele Ciara Harding Crystal Suazo Simona Kraberger Kara Schmidlin Anni Djurhuus Caitlin E. Black Tom Hart Adrian L. Smith Arvind Varsani agris 2020-09-16 application/pdf https://doi.org/10.3390/v12091029 EN eng Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute General Virology https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12091029 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Viruses; Volume 12; Issue 9; Pages: 1029 Cressdnaviricota circular molecules penguins viruses Antarctica Pygoscelis antarcticus Pygoscelis adeliae Pygoscelis papua Text 2020 ftmdpi https://doi.org/10.3390/v12091029 2023-08-01T00:07:15Z There is growing interest in uncovering the viral diversity present in wild animal species. The remote Antarctic region is home to a wealth of uncovered microbial diversity, some of which is associated with its megafauna, including penguin species, the dominant avian biota. Penguins interface with a number of other biota in their roles as marine mesopredators and several species overlap in their ranges and habitats. To characterize the circular single-stranded viruses related to those in the phylum Cressdnaviricota from these environmental sentinel species, cloacal swabs (n = 95) were obtained from King Penguins in South Georgia, and congeneric Adélie Penguins, Chinstrap Penguins, and Gentoo Penguins across the South Shetland Islands and Antarctic Peninsula. Using a combination of high-throughput sequencing, abutting primers-based PCR recovery of circular genomic elements, cloning, and Sanger sequencing, we detected 97 novel sequences comprising 40 ssDNA viral genomes and 57 viral-like circular molecules from 45 individual penguins. We present their detection patterns, with Chinstrap Penguins harboring the highest number of new sequences. The novel Antarctic viruses identified appear to be host-specific, while one circular molecule was shared between sympatric Chinstrap and Gentoo Penguins. We also report viral genotype sharing between three adult-chick pairs, one in each Pygoscelid species. Sequence similarity network approaches coupled with Maximum likelihood phylogenies of the clusters indicate the 40 novel viral genomes do not fall within any known viral families and likely fall within the recently established phylum Cressdnaviricota based on their replication-associated protein sequences. Similarly, 83 capsid protein sequences encoded by the viruses or viral-like circular molecules identified in this study do not cluster with any of those encoded by classified viral groups. Further research is warranted to expand knowledge of the Antarctic virome and would help elucidate the importance of viral-like ... Text Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Peninsula Antarctica antarcticus King Penguins Pygoscelis adeliae Pygoscelis papua South Shetland Islands MDPI Open Access Publishing Antarctic Antarctic Peninsula South Shetland Islands The Antarctic Viruses 12 9 1029 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
MDPI Open Access Publishing |
op_collection_id |
ftmdpi |
language |
English |
topic |
Cressdnaviricota circular molecules penguins viruses Antarctica Pygoscelis antarcticus Pygoscelis adeliae Pygoscelis papua |
spellingShingle |
Cressdnaviricota circular molecules penguins viruses Antarctica Pygoscelis antarcticus Pygoscelis adeliae Pygoscelis papua Hila Levy Rafaela S. Fontenele Ciara Harding Crystal Suazo Simona Kraberger Kara Schmidlin Anni Djurhuus Caitlin E. Black Tom Hart Adrian L. Smith Arvind Varsani Identification and Distribution of Novel Cressdnaviruses and Circular Molecules in Four Penguin Species in South Georgia and the Antarctic Peninsula |
topic_facet |
Cressdnaviricota circular molecules penguins viruses Antarctica Pygoscelis antarcticus Pygoscelis adeliae Pygoscelis papua |
description |
There is growing interest in uncovering the viral diversity present in wild animal species. The remote Antarctic region is home to a wealth of uncovered microbial diversity, some of which is associated with its megafauna, including penguin species, the dominant avian biota. Penguins interface with a number of other biota in their roles as marine mesopredators and several species overlap in their ranges and habitats. To characterize the circular single-stranded viruses related to those in the phylum Cressdnaviricota from these environmental sentinel species, cloacal swabs (n = 95) were obtained from King Penguins in South Georgia, and congeneric Adélie Penguins, Chinstrap Penguins, and Gentoo Penguins across the South Shetland Islands and Antarctic Peninsula. Using a combination of high-throughput sequencing, abutting primers-based PCR recovery of circular genomic elements, cloning, and Sanger sequencing, we detected 97 novel sequences comprising 40 ssDNA viral genomes and 57 viral-like circular molecules from 45 individual penguins. We present their detection patterns, with Chinstrap Penguins harboring the highest number of new sequences. The novel Antarctic viruses identified appear to be host-specific, while one circular molecule was shared between sympatric Chinstrap and Gentoo Penguins. We also report viral genotype sharing between three adult-chick pairs, one in each Pygoscelid species. Sequence similarity network approaches coupled with Maximum likelihood phylogenies of the clusters indicate the 40 novel viral genomes do not fall within any known viral families and likely fall within the recently established phylum Cressdnaviricota based on their replication-associated protein sequences. Similarly, 83 capsid protein sequences encoded by the viruses or viral-like circular molecules identified in this study do not cluster with any of those encoded by classified viral groups. Further research is warranted to expand knowledge of the Antarctic virome and would help elucidate the importance of viral-like ... |
format |
Text |
author |
Hila Levy Rafaela S. Fontenele Ciara Harding Crystal Suazo Simona Kraberger Kara Schmidlin Anni Djurhuus Caitlin E. Black Tom Hart Adrian L. Smith Arvind Varsani |
author_facet |
Hila Levy Rafaela S. Fontenele Ciara Harding Crystal Suazo Simona Kraberger Kara Schmidlin Anni Djurhuus Caitlin E. Black Tom Hart Adrian L. Smith Arvind Varsani |
author_sort |
Hila Levy |
title |
Identification and Distribution of Novel Cressdnaviruses and Circular Molecules in Four Penguin Species in South Georgia and the Antarctic Peninsula |
title_short |
Identification and Distribution of Novel Cressdnaviruses and Circular Molecules in Four Penguin Species in South Georgia and the Antarctic Peninsula |
title_full |
Identification and Distribution of Novel Cressdnaviruses and Circular Molecules in Four Penguin Species in South Georgia and the Antarctic Peninsula |
title_fullStr |
Identification and Distribution of Novel Cressdnaviruses and Circular Molecules in Four Penguin Species in South Georgia and the Antarctic Peninsula |
title_full_unstemmed |
Identification and Distribution of Novel Cressdnaviruses and Circular Molecules in Four Penguin Species in South Georgia and the Antarctic Peninsula |
title_sort |
identification and distribution of novel cressdnaviruses and circular molecules in four penguin species in south georgia and the antarctic peninsula |
publisher |
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/v12091029 |
op_coverage |
agris |
geographic |
Antarctic Antarctic Peninsula South Shetland Islands The Antarctic |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic Antarctic Peninsula South Shetland Islands The Antarctic |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Peninsula Antarctica antarcticus King Penguins Pygoscelis adeliae Pygoscelis papua South Shetland Islands |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Peninsula Antarctica antarcticus King Penguins Pygoscelis adeliae Pygoscelis papua South Shetland Islands |
op_source |
Viruses; Volume 12; Issue 9; Pages: 1029 |
op_relation |
General Virology https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12091029 |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/v12091029 |
container_title |
Viruses |
container_volume |
12 |
container_issue |
9 |
container_start_page |
1029 |
_version_ |
1774724709825380352 |