PCR Detection and Phylogenetic Analysis of Megalocytivirus Isolates in Farmed Giant Sea Perch Lates calcarifer in Southern Taiwan

The Megalocytivirus genus includes three genotypes, red sea bream iridovirus (RSIV), infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV), and turbot reddish body iridovirus (TRBIV), and has caused mass mortalities in various marine and freshwater fish species in East and Southeast Asia. Of the three...

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Published in:Viruses
Main Authors: Jia-Ming Tsai, Song-Lang Huang, Chung-Da Yang
Format: Text
Language:English
Published: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute 2020
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.3390/v12060681
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spelling ftmdpi:oai:mdpi.com:/1999-4915/12/6/681/ 2023-08-20T04:10:15+02:00 PCR Detection and Phylogenetic Analysis of Megalocytivirus Isolates in Farmed Giant Sea Perch Lates calcarifer in Southern Taiwan Jia-Ming Tsai Song-Lang Huang Chung-Da Yang agris 2020-06-24 application/pdf https://doi.org/10.3390/v12060681 EN eng Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute Animal Viruses https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12060681 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Viruses; Volume 12; Issue 6; Pages: 681 iridovirus megalocytivirus red sea bream iridovirus (RSIV) infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) turbot reddish body iridovirus (TRBIV) giant sea perch iridovirus (GSPIV) phylogenetic analysis polymerase chain reaction (PCR) Text 2020 ftmdpi https://doi.org/10.3390/v12060681 2023-07-31T23:41:00Z The Megalocytivirus genus includes three genotypes, red sea bream iridovirus (RSIV), infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV), and turbot reddish body iridovirus (TRBIV), and has caused mass mortalities in various marine and freshwater fish species in East and Southeast Asia. Of the three genotypes, TRBIV-like megalocytivirus is not included in the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE)-reportable virus list because of its geographic restriction and narrow host range. In 2017, 39 cases of suspected iridovirus infection were isolated from fingerlings of giant sea perch (Lates calcarifer) cultured in southern Taiwan during megalocytivirus epizootics. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with different specific primer sets was undertaken to identify the causative agent. Our results revealed that 35 out of the 39 giant sea perch iridovirus (GSPIV) isolates were TRBIV-like megalocytiviruses. To further evaluate the genetic variation, the nucleotide sequences of major capsid protein (MCP) gene (1348 bp) from 12 of the 35 TRBIV-like megalocytivirus isolates were compared to those of other known. High nucleotide sequence identity showed that these 12 TRBIV-like GSPIV isolates are the same species. Phylogenetic analysis based on the MCP gene demonstrated that these 12 isolates belong to the clade II of TRBIV megalocytiviruses, and are distinct from RSIV and ISKNV. In conclusion, the GSPIV isolates belonging to TRBIV clade II megalocytiviruses have been introduced into Taiwan and caused a severe impact on the giant sea perch aquaculture industry. Text Turbot MDPI Open Access Publishing Viruses 12 6 681
institution Open Polar
collection MDPI Open Access Publishing
op_collection_id ftmdpi
language English
topic iridovirus
megalocytivirus
red sea bream iridovirus (RSIV)
infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV)
turbot reddish body iridovirus (TRBIV)
giant sea perch iridovirus (GSPIV)
phylogenetic analysis
polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
spellingShingle iridovirus
megalocytivirus
red sea bream iridovirus (RSIV)
infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV)
turbot reddish body iridovirus (TRBIV)
giant sea perch iridovirus (GSPIV)
phylogenetic analysis
polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
Jia-Ming Tsai
Song-Lang Huang
Chung-Da Yang
PCR Detection and Phylogenetic Analysis of Megalocytivirus Isolates in Farmed Giant Sea Perch Lates calcarifer in Southern Taiwan
topic_facet iridovirus
megalocytivirus
red sea bream iridovirus (RSIV)
infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV)
turbot reddish body iridovirus (TRBIV)
giant sea perch iridovirus (GSPIV)
phylogenetic analysis
polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
description The Megalocytivirus genus includes three genotypes, red sea bream iridovirus (RSIV), infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV), and turbot reddish body iridovirus (TRBIV), and has caused mass mortalities in various marine and freshwater fish species in East and Southeast Asia. Of the three genotypes, TRBIV-like megalocytivirus is not included in the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE)-reportable virus list because of its geographic restriction and narrow host range. In 2017, 39 cases of suspected iridovirus infection were isolated from fingerlings of giant sea perch (Lates calcarifer) cultured in southern Taiwan during megalocytivirus epizootics. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with different specific primer sets was undertaken to identify the causative agent. Our results revealed that 35 out of the 39 giant sea perch iridovirus (GSPIV) isolates were TRBIV-like megalocytiviruses. To further evaluate the genetic variation, the nucleotide sequences of major capsid protein (MCP) gene (1348 bp) from 12 of the 35 TRBIV-like megalocytivirus isolates were compared to those of other known. High nucleotide sequence identity showed that these 12 TRBIV-like GSPIV isolates are the same species. Phylogenetic analysis based on the MCP gene demonstrated that these 12 isolates belong to the clade II of TRBIV megalocytiviruses, and are distinct from RSIV and ISKNV. In conclusion, the GSPIV isolates belonging to TRBIV clade II megalocytiviruses have been introduced into Taiwan and caused a severe impact on the giant sea perch aquaculture industry.
format Text
author Jia-Ming Tsai
Song-Lang Huang
Chung-Da Yang
author_facet Jia-Ming Tsai
Song-Lang Huang
Chung-Da Yang
author_sort Jia-Ming Tsai
title PCR Detection and Phylogenetic Analysis of Megalocytivirus Isolates in Farmed Giant Sea Perch Lates calcarifer in Southern Taiwan
title_short PCR Detection and Phylogenetic Analysis of Megalocytivirus Isolates in Farmed Giant Sea Perch Lates calcarifer in Southern Taiwan
title_full PCR Detection and Phylogenetic Analysis of Megalocytivirus Isolates in Farmed Giant Sea Perch Lates calcarifer in Southern Taiwan
title_fullStr PCR Detection and Phylogenetic Analysis of Megalocytivirus Isolates in Farmed Giant Sea Perch Lates calcarifer in Southern Taiwan
title_full_unstemmed PCR Detection and Phylogenetic Analysis of Megalocytivirus Isolates in Farmed Giant Sea Perch Lates calcarifer in Southern Taiwan
title_sort pcr detection and phylogenetic analysis of megalocytivirus isolates in farmed giant sea perch lates calcarifer in southern taiwan
publisher Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
publishDate 2020
url https://doi.org/10.3390/v12060681
op_coverage agris
genre Turbot
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op_source Viruses; Volume 12; Issue 6; Pages: 681
op_relation Animal Viruses
https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12060681
op_rights https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
op_doi https://doi.org/10.3390/v12060681
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