Single-Stranded DNA Viruses in Antarctic Cryoconite Holes
Antarctic cryoconite holes, or small melt-holes in the surfaces of glaciers, create habitable oases for isolated microbial communities with tightly linked microbial population structures. Viruses may influence the dynamics of polar microbial communities, but the viromes of the Antarctic cryoconite h...
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3390/v11111022 |
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ftmdpi:oai:mdpi.com:/1999-4915/11/11/1022/ 2023-08-20T04:02:31+02:00 Single-Stranded DNA Viruses in Antarctic Cryoconite Holes Pacifica Sommers Rafaela S. Fontenele Tayele Kringen Simona Kraberger Dorota L. Porazinska John L. Darcy Steven K. Schmidt Arvind Varsani agris 2019-11-04 application/pdf https://doi.org/10.3390/v11111022 EN eng Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v11111022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Viruses; Volume 11; Issue 11; Pages: 1022 microvirus CRESS DNA virus cryoconite glacier viral metagenomics Antarctica Text 2019 ftmdpi https://doi.org/10.3390/v11111022 2023-07-31T22:45:38Z Antarctic cryoconite holes, or small melt-holes in the surfaces of glaciers, create habitable oases for isolated microbial communities with tightly linked microbial population structures. Viruses may influence the dynamics of polar microbial communities, but the viromes of the Antarctic cryoconite holes have yet to be characterized. We characterize single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) viruses from three cryoconite holes in the Taylor Valley, Antarctica, using metagenomics. Half of the assembled metagenomes cluster with those in the viral family Microviridae (n = 7), and the rest with unclassified circular replication associated protein (Rep)-encoding single-stranded (CRESS) DNA viruses (n = 7). An additional 18 virus-like circular molecules encoding either a Rep, a capsid protein gene, or other unidentified but viral-like open reading frames were identified. The samples from which the genomes were identified show a strong gradient in microbial diversity and abundances, and the number of viral genomes detected in each sample mirror that gradient. Additionally, one of the CRESS genomes assembled here shares ~90% genome-wide pairwise identity with a virus identified from a freshwater pond on the McMurdo Ice Shelf (Antarctica). Otherwise, the similarity of these viruses to those previously identified is relatively low. Together, these patterns are consistent with the presence of a unique regional virome present in fresh water host populations of the McMurdo Dry Valley region. Text Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica Ice Shelf McMurdo Ice Shelf MDPI Open Access Publishing Antarctic The Antarctic Taylor Valley ENVELOPE(163.000,163.000,-77.617,-77.617) McMurdo Ice Shelf ENVELOPE(166.500,166.500,-78.000,-78.000) Viruses 11 11 1022 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
MDPI Open Access Publishing |
op_collection_id |
ftmdpi |
language |
English |
topic |
microvirus CRESS DNA virus cryoconite glacier viral metagenomics Antarctica |
spellingShingle |
microvirus CRESS DNA virus cryoconite glacier viral metagenomics Antarctica Pacifica Sommers Rafaela S. Fontenele Tayele Kringen Simona Kraberger Dorota L. Porazinska John L. Darcy Steven K. Schmidt Arvind Varsani Single-Stranded DNA Viruses in Antarctic Cryoconite Holes |
topic_facet |
microvirus CRESS DNA virus cryoconite glacier viral metagenomics Antarctica |
description |
Antarctic cryoconite holes, or small melt-holes in the surfaces of glaciers, create habitable oases for isolated microbial communities with tightly linked microbial population structures. Viruses may influence the dynamics of polar microbial communities, but the viromes of the Antarctic cryoconite holes have yet to be characterized. We characterize single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) viruses from three cryoconite holes in the Taylor Valley, Antarctica, using metagenomics. Half of the assembled metagenomes cluster with those in the viral family Microviridae (n = 7), and the rest with unclassified circular replication associated protein (Rep)-encoding single-stranded (CRESS) DNA viruses (n = 7). An additional 18 virus-like circular molecules encoding either a Rep, a capsid protein gene, or other unidentified but viral-like open reading frames were identified. The samples from which the genomes were identified show a strong gradient in microbial diversity and abundances, and the number of viral genomes detected in each sample mirror that gradient. Additionally, one of the CRESS genomes assembled here shares ~90% genome-wide pairwise identity with a virus identified from a freshwater pond on the McMurdo Ice Shelf (Antarctica). Otherwise, the similarity of these viruses to those previously identified is relatively low. Together, these patterns are consistent with the presence of a unique regional virome present in fresh water host populations of the McMurdo Dry Valley region. |
format |
Text |
author |
Pacifica Sommers Rafaela S. Fontenele Tayele Kringen Simona Kraberger Dorota L. Porazinska John L. Darcy Steven K. Schmidt Arvind Varsani |
author_facet |
Pacifica Sommers Rafaela S. Fontenele Tayele Kringen Simona Kraberger Dorota L. Porazinska John L. Darcy Steven K. Schmidt Arvind Varsani |
author_sort |
Pacifica Sommers |
title |
Single-Stranded DNA Viruses in Antarctic Cryoconite Holes |
title_short |
Single-Stranded DNA Viruses in Antarctic Cryoconite Holes |
title_full |
Single-Stranded DNA Viruses in Antarctic Cryoconite Holes |
title_fullStr |
Single-Stranded DNA Viruses in Antarctic Cryoconite Holes |
title_full_unstemmed |
Single-Stranded DNA Viruses in Antarctic Cryoconite Holes |
title_sort |
single-stranded dna viruses in antarctic cryoconite holes |
publisher |
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/v11111022 |
op_coverage |
agris |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(163.000,163.000,-77.617,-77.617) ENVELOPE(166.500,166.500,-78.000,-78.000) |
geographic |
Antarctic The Antarctic Taylor Valley McMurdo Ice Shelf |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic The Antarctic Taylor Valley McMurdo Ice Shelf |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica Ice Shelf McMurdo Ice Shelf |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica Ice Shelf McMurdo Ice Shelf |
op_source |
Viruses; Volume 11; Issue 11; Pages: 1022 |
op_relation |
https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v11111022 |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/v11111022 |
container_title |
Viruses |
container_volume |
11 |
container_issue |
11 |
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1022 |
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1774713009817518080 |