Seasonality Drives Microbial Community Structure, Shaping both Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Host–Viral Relationships in an Arctic Marine Ecosystem
The Arctic marine environment experiences dramatic seasonal changes in light and nutrient availability. To investigate the influence of seasonality on Arctic marine virus communities, five research cruises to the west and north of Svalbard were conducted across one calendar year, collecting water fr...
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3390/v10120715 |
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ftmdpi:oai:mdpi.com:/1999-4915/10/12/715/ 2023-08-20T04:03:49+02:00 Seasonality Drives Microbial Community Structure, Shaping both Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Host–Viral Relationships in an Arctic Marine Ecosystem Ruth-Anne Sandaa Julia E. Storesund Emily Olesin Maria Lund Paulsen Aud Larsen Gunnar Bratbak Jessica Louise Ray agris 2018-12-14 application/pdf https://doi.org/10.3390/v10120715 EN eng Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute Bacterial Viruses https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v10120715 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Viruses; Volume 10; Issue 12; Pages: 715 arctic marine myovirus algal viruses metabarcoding MCP g23 polar winter succession Text 2018 ftmdpi https://doi.org/10.3390/v10120715 2023-07-31T21:54:32Z The Arctic marine environment experiences dramatic seasonal changes in light and nutrient availability. To investigate the influence of seasonality on Arctic marine virus communities, five research cruises to the west and north of Svalbard were conducted across one calendar year, collecting water from the surface to 1000 m in depth. We employed metabarcoding analysis of major capsid protein g23 and mcp genes in order to investigate T4-like myoviruses and large dsDNA viruses infecting prokaryotic and eukaryotic picophytoplankton, respectively. Microbial abundances were assessed using flow cytometry. Metabarcoding results demonstrated that seasonality was the key mediator shaping virus communities, whereas depth exerted a diversifying effect within seasonal virus assemblages. Viral diversity and virus-to-prokaryote ratios (VPRs) dropped sharply at the commencement of the spring bloom but increased across the season, ultimately achieving the highest levels during the winter season. These findings suggest that viral lysis may be an important process during the polar winter, when productivity is low. Furthermore, winter viral communities consisted of Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) distinct from those present during the spring-summer season. Our data provided a first insight into the diversity of viruses in a hitherto undescribed marine habitat characterized by extremes in light and productivity. Text Arctic Svalbard MDPI Open Access Publishing Arctic Svalbard Viruses 10 12 715 |
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Open Polar |
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MDPI Open Access Publishing |
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ftmdpi |
language |
English |
topic |
arctic marine myovirus algal viruses metabarcoding MCP g23 polar winter succession |
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arctic marine myovirus algal viruses metabarcoding MCP g23 polar winter succession Ruth-Anne Sandaa Julia E. Storesund Emily Olesin Maria Lund Paulsen Aud Larsen Gunnar Bratbak Jessica Louise Ray Seasonality Drives Microbial Community Structure, Shaping both Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Host–Viral Relationships in an Arctic Marine Ecosystem |
topic_facet |
arctic marine myovirus algal viruses metabarcoding MCP g23 polar winter succession |
description |
The Arctic marine environment experiences dramatic seasonal changes in light and nutrient availability. To investigate the influence of seasonality on Arctic marine virus communities, five research cruises to the west and north of Svalbard were conducted across one calendar year, collecting water from the surface to 1000 m in depth. We employed metabarcoding analysis of major capsid protein g23 and mcp genes in order to investigate T4-like myoviruses and large dsDNA viruses infecting prokaryotic and eukaryotic picophytoplankton, respectively. Microbial abundances were assessed using flow cytometry. Metabarcoding results demonstrated that seasonality was the key mediator shaping virus communities, whereas depth exerted a diversifying effect within seasonal virus assemblages. Viral diversity and virus-to-prokaryote ratios (VPRs) dropped sharply at the commencement of the spring bloom but increased across the season, ultimately achieving the highest levels during the winter season. These findings suggest that viral lysis may be an important process during the polar winter, when productivity is low. Furthermore, winter viral communities consisted of Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) distinct from those present during the spring-summer season. Our data provided a first insight into the diversity of viruses in a hitherto undescribed marine habitat characterized by extremes in light and productivity. |
format |
Text |
author |
Ruth-Anne Sandaa Julia E. Storesund Emily Olesin Maria Lund Paulsen Aud Larsen Gunnar Bratbak Jessica Louise Ray |
author_facet |
Ruth-Anne Sandaa Julia E. Storesund Emily Olesin Maria Lund Paulsen Aud Larsen Gunnar Bratbak Jessica Louise Ray |
author_sort |
Ruth-Anne Sandaa |
title |
Seasonality Drives Microbial Community Structure, Shaping both Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Host–Viral Relationships in an Arctic Marine Ecosystem |
title_short |
Seasonality Drives Microbial Community Structure, Shaping both Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Host–Viral Relationships in an Arctic Marine Ecosystem |
title_full |
Seasonality Drives Microbial Community Structure, Shaping both Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Host–Viral Relationships in an Arctic Marine Ecosystem |
title_fullStr |
Seasonality Drives Microbial Community Structure, Shaping both Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Host–Viral Relationships in an Arctic Marine Ecosystem |
title_full_unstemmed |
Seasonality Drives Microbial Community Structure, Shaping both Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Host–Viral Relationships in an Arctic Marine Ecosystem |
title_sort |
seasonality drives microbial community structure, shaping both eukaryotic and prokaryotic host–viral relationships in an arctic marine ecosystem |
publisher |
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
publishDate |
2018 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/v10120715 |
op_coverage |
agris |
geographic |
Arctic Svalbard |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Svalbard |
genre |
Arctic Svalbard |
genre_facet |
Arctic Svalbard |
op_source |
Viruses; Volume 10; Issue 12; Pages: 715 |
op_relation |
Bacterial Viruses https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v10120715 |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/v10120715 |
container_title |
Viruses |
container_volume |
10 |
container_issue |
12 |
container_start_page |
715 |
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1774714253037535232 |