Two Nothofagus Species in Southernmost South America Are Recording Divergent Climate Signals
Recent climatic trends, such as warming temperatures, decrease in rainfall, and extreme weather events (e.g., heatwaves), are negatively affecting the performance of forests. In northern Patagonia, such conditions have caused tree growth reduction, crown dieback, and massive die-back events. However...
Published in: | Forests |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
Format: | Text |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
2022
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3390/f13050794 |
id |
ftmdpi:oai:mdpi.com:/1999-4907/13/5/794/ |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftmdpi:oai:mdpi.com:/1999-4907/13/5/794/ 2023-08-20T04:01:52+02:00 Two Nothofagus Species in Southernmost South America Are Recording Divergent Climate Signals Pamela Soto-Rogel Juan Carlos Aravena Ricardo Villalba Christian Bringas Wolfgang Jens-Henrik Meier Álvaro Gonzalez-Reyes Jussi Grießinger agris 2022-05-19 application/pdf https://doi.org/10.3390/f13050794 EN eng Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute Forest Hydrology https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13050794 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Forests; Volume 13; Issue 5; Pages: 794 ring-width index climate Antarctic Oscillation (AAO) Nothofagus betuloides Nothofagus pumilio Text 2022 ftmdpi https://doi.org/10.3390/f13050794 2023-08-01T05:06:05Z Recent climatic trends, such as warming temperatures, decrease in rainfall, and extreme weather events (e.g., heatwaves), are negatively affecting the performance of forests. In northern Patagonia, such conditions have caused tree growth reduction, crown dieback, and massive die-back events. However, studies looking at these consequences in the southernmost temperate forest (Nothofagus betuloides and Nothofagus pumilio) are much scarcer, especially in southernmost South America (SSA). These forests are also under the influence of the positive phase of Antarctic Oscillation (AAO, also known as Southern Annular Mode, SAM) that has been associated with increasing trends in temperature, drought, and extreme events in the last decades. This study evaluated the growth patterns and the climatic response of eight new tree-ring chronologies from Nothofagus species located at the upper treeline along different environmental gradients in three study areas: Punta Arenas, Yendegaia National Park, and Navarino Island in SSA. The main modes of the ring-width index (RWI) variation were studied using principal component analysis (PCA). We found that PC1 has the higher loadings for sites with precipitation values over 600 mm/yr, PC2 with N. betuloides sites, and PC3 with higher loadings for sites with precipitation values below 600 mm/yr. Our best growth-climate relationships are between N. betuloides and AAO and the most northeastern site of N. pumilio with relative humidity (which coincides with heatwaves and extreme drought). The climatic signals imprinted in the southernmost forests are sensitive to climatic variability, the climate forcing AAO, and the effects of climate change in the last decades. Text Antarc* Antarctic MDPI Open Access Publishing Antarctic Patagonia Forests 13 5 794 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
MDPI Open Access Publishing |
op_collection_id |
ftmdpi |
language |
English |
topic |
ring-width index climate Antarctic Oscillation (AAO) Nothofagus betuloides Nothofagus pumilio |
spellingShingle |
ring-width index climate Antarctic Oscillation (AAO) Nothofagus betuloides Nothofagus pumilio Pamela Soto-Rogel Juan Carlos Aravena Ricardo Villalba Christian Bringas Wolfgang Jens-Henrik Meier Álvaro Gonzalez-Reyes Jussi Grießinger Two Nothofagus Species in Southernmost South America Are Recording Divergent Climate Signals |
topic_facet |
ring-width index climate Antarctic Oscillation (AAO) Nothofagus betuloides Nothofagus pumilio |
description |
Recent climatic trends, such as warming temperatures, decrease in rainfall, and extreme weather events (e.g., heatwaves), are negatively affecting the performance of forests. In northern Patagonia, such conditions have caused tree growth reduction, crown dieback, and massive die-back events. However, studies looking at these consequences in the southernmost temperate forest (Nothofagus betuloides and Nothofagus pumilio) are much scarcer, especially in southernmost South America (SSA). These forests are also under the influence of the positive phase of Antarctic Oscillation (AAO, also known as Southern Annular Mode, SAM) that has been associated with increasing trends in temperature, drought, and extreme events in the last decades. This study evaluated the growth patterns and the climatic response of eight new tree-ring chronologies from Nothofagus species located at the upper treeline along different environmental gradients in three study areas: Punta Arenas, Yendegaia National Park, and Navarino Island in SSA. The main modes of the ring-width index (RWI) variation were studied using principal component analysis (PCA). We found that PC1 has the higher loadings for sites with precipitation values over 600 mm/yr, PC2 with N. betuloides sites, and PC3 with higher loadings for sites with precipitation values below 600 mm/yr. Our best growth-climate relationships are between N. betuloides and AAO and the most northeastern site of N. pumilio with relative humidity (which coincides with heatwaves and extreme drought). The climatic signals imprinted in the southernmost forests are sensitive to climatic variability, the climate forcing AAO, and the effects of climate change in the last decades. |
format |
Text |
author |
Pamela Soto-Rogel Juan Carlos Aravena Ricardo Villalba Christian Bringas Wolfgang Jens-Henrik Meier Álvaro Gonzalez-Reyes Jussi Grießinger |
author_facet |
Pamela Soto-Rogel Juan Carlos Aravena Ricardo Villalba Christian Bringas Wolfgang Jens-Henrik Meier Álvaro Gonzalez-Reyes Jussi Grießinger |
author_sort |
Pamela Soto-Rogel |
title |
Two Nothofagus Species in Southernmost South America Are Recording Divergent Climate Signals |
title_short |
Two Nothofagus Species in Southernmost South America Are Recording Divergent Climate Signals |
title_full |
Two Nothofagus Species in Southernmost South America Are Recording Divergent Climate Signals |
title_fullStr |
Two Nothofagus Species in Southernmost South America Are Recording Divergent Climate Signals |
title_full_unstemmed |
Two Nothofagus Species in Southernmost South America Are Recording Divergent Climate Signals |
title_sort |
two nothofagus species in southernmost south america are recording divergent climate signals |
publisher |
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/f13050794 |
op_coverage |
agris |
geographic |
Antarctic Patagonia |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic Patagonia |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic |
op_source |
Forests; Volume 13; Issue 5; Pages: 794 |
op_relation |
Forest Hydrology https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13050794 |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/f13050794 |
container_title |
Forests |
container_volume |
13 |
container_issue |
5 |
container_start_page |
794 |
_version_ |
1774712238591967232 |