Effect of Jet Impingement Velocity and Angle on CO2 Erosion–Corrosion with and without Sand for API 5L-X65 Carbon Steel
Most oil and gas production wells have plenty of corrosive species present along with solid particles. In such production environments, CO2 gas can dissolve in free phase water and form carbonic acid (H2CO3). This carbonic acid, along with fluid flow and with/without solid particles (sand or other e...
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ftmdpi:oai:mdpi.com:/1996-1944/13/9/2198/ 2023-08-20T04:05:52+02:00 Effect of Jet Impingement Velocity and Angle on CO2 Erosion–Corrosion with and without Sand for API 5L-X65 Carbon Steel Ihsan Ulhaq Toor Zakariya Alashwan Hassan Mohamed Badr Rached Ben-Mansour Siamack A. Shirazi 2020-05-11 application/pdf https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13092198 EN eng Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13092198 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Materials; Volume 13; Issue 9; Pages: 2198 CO 2 erosion–corrosion flow loop API 5L X-65 surface roughness XRD EDS SEM Text 2020 ftmdpi https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13092198 2023-07-31T23:29:06Z Most oil and gas production wells have plenty of corrosive species present along with solid particles. In such production environments, CO2 gas can dissolve in free phase water and form carbonic acid (H2CO3). This carbonic acid, along with fluid flow and with/without solid particles (sand or other entrained particles), can result in unpredictable severe localized CO2 corrosion and/or erosion–corrosion (EC). So, in this work, the CO2 EC performance of API 5L X-65 carbon steel, a commonly used material in many oil and gas piping infrastructure, was investigated. A recirculating flow loop was used to perform these studies at three different CO2 concentrations (pH values of 4.5, 5.0, and 5.5), two impingement velocities (8 and 16 m/s), three impingement angles (15°, 45°, and 90°), and with/without 2000 ppm sand particles for a duration of 3 h in 0.2 M NaCl solution at room temperature. Corrosion products were characterized using FE-SEM, EDS, and XRD. The CO2 EC rates were found to decrease with an increase in the pH value due to the increased availability of H+ ions. The highest CO2 erosion–corrosion rates were observed at a 45° impingement angle in the presence of solid particles under all conditions. It was also observed that a change in pH value influenced the morphology and corrosion resistance of the corrosion scales. Text Carbonic acid MDPI Open Access Publishing Materials 13 9 2198 |
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Open Polar |
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MDPI Open Access Publishing |
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ftmdpi |
language |
English |
topic |
CO 2 erosion–corrosion flow loop API 5L X-65 surface roughness XRD EDS SEM |
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CO 2 erosion–corrosion flow loop API 5L X-65 surface roughness XRD EDS SEM Ihsan Ulhaq Toor Zakariya Alashwan Hassan Mohamed Badr Rached Ben-Mansour Siamack A. Shirazi Effect of Jet Impingement Velocity and Angle on CO2 Erosion–Corrosion with and without Sand for API 5L-X65 Carbon Steel |
topic_facet |
CO 2 erosion–corrosion flow loop API 5L X-65 surface roughness XRD EDS SEM |
description |
Most oil and gas production wells have plenty of corrosive species present along with solid particles. In such production environments, CO2 gas can dissolve in free phase water and form carbonic acid (H2CO3). This carbonic acid, along with fluid flow and with/without solid particles (sand or other entrained particles), can result in unpredictable severe localized CO2 corrosion and/or erosion–corrosion (EC). So, in this work, the CO2 EC performance of API 5L X-65 carbon steel, a commonly used material in many oil and gas piping infrastructure, was investigated. A recirculating flow loop was used to perform these studies at three different CO2 concentrations (pH values of 4.5, 5.0, and 5.5), two impingement velocities (8 and 16 m/s), three impingement angles (15°, 45°, and 90°), and with/without 2000 ppm sand particles for a duration of 3 h in 0.2 M NaCl solution at room temperature. Corrosion products were characterized using FE-SEM, EDS, and XRD. The CO2 EC rates were found to decrease with an increase in the pH value due to the increased availability of H+ ions. The highest CO2 erosion–corrosion rates were observed at a 45° impingement angle in the presence of solid particles under all conditions. It was also observed that a change in pH value influenced the morphology and corrosion resistance of the corrosion scales. |
format |
Text |
author |
Ihsan Ulhaq Toor Zakariya Alashwan Hassan Mohamed Badr Rached Ben-Mansour Siamack A. Shirazi |
author_facet |
Ihsan Ulhaq Toor Zakariya Alashwan Hassan Mohamed Badr Rached Ben-Mansour Siamack A. Shirazi |
author_sort |
Ihsan Ulhaq Toor |
title |
Effect of Jet Impingement Velocity and Angle on CO2 Erosion–Corrosion with and without Sand for API 5L-X65 Carbon Steel |
title_short |
Effect of Jet Impingement Velocity and Angle on CO2 Erosion–Corrosion with and without Sand for API 5L-X65 Carbon Steel |
title_full |
Effect of Jet Impingement Velocity and Angle on CO2 Erosion–Corrosion with and without Sand for API 5L-X65 Carbon Steel |
title_fullStr |
Effect of Jet Impingement Velocity and Angle on CO2 Erosion–Corrosion with and without Sand for API 5L-X65 Carbon Steel |
title_full_unstemmed |
Effect of Jet Impingement Velocity and Angle on CO2 Erosion–Corrosion with and without Sand for API 5L-X65 Carbon Steel |
title_sort |
effect of jet impingement velocity and angle on co2 erosion–corrosion with and without sand for api 5l-x65 carbon steel |
publisher |
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13092198 |
genre |
Carbonic acid |
genre_facet |
Carbonic acid |
op_source |
Materials; Volume 13; Issue 9; Pages: 2198 |
op_relation |
https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13092198 |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13092198 |
container_title |
Materials |
container_volume |
13 |
container_issue |
9 |
container_start_page |
2198 |
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1774716615766573056 |