Energy Intensity, Energy Efficiency and Economic Growth among OECD Nations from 2000 to 2019
This study examines the energy intensity (EI), energy efficiency (EE), and economic growth, measured by the type of returns to scale (RTS), of 37 nations in the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) from 2000 to 2019. We apply a non-parametric approach to estimate the three m...
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ftmdpi:oai:mdpi.com:/1996-1073/16/4/1927/ 2023-08-20T04:07:24+02:00 Energy Intensity, Energy Efficiency and Economic Growth among OECD Nations from 2000 to 2019 Toshiyuki Sueyoshi Mika Goto 2023-02-15 application/pdf https://doi.org/10.3390/en16041927 EN eng Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute C: Energy Economics and Policy https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16041927 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Energies; Volume 16; Issue 4; Pages: 1927 OECD energy intensity energy efficiency returns to scale data envelopment analysis Text 2023 ftmdpi https://doi.org/10.3390/en16041927 2023-08-01T08:49:09Z This study examines the energy intensity (EI), energy efficiency (EE), and economic growth, measured by the type of returns to scale (RTS), of 37 nations in the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) from 2000 to 2019. We apply a non-parametric approach to estimate the three measures from their consumption of four primary energy sources, such as coal, gas, oil, and zero emission (e.g., renewable and nuclear power) as inputs and gross domestic product (GDP) as an output. In this study, we have the two types of efficiency measures over time: window-based and cross-sectional-based measures. Three findings are identified from our empirical study. First, the operationally efficient group, including France, Iceland, Japan, Switzerland, UK, and USA, presented a stable status of full efficiency in the window-based efficiency measure. Iceland and Switzerland were also in the higher efficiency group based on the cross-sectional measure. Their efficiencies were high and stable over the observed periods. Second, zero-carbon-emission (e.g., renewable and nuclear) energies outperformed other energy sources (coal, gas, and oil) in terms of a potentiality of EI/EE improvement. In other words, OECD nations can improve on their EI/EE measures by reducing fuel consumption of coal, gas, and oil while maintaining their high GDP levels. Finally, four industrial nations (France, Japan, UK, and USA) had a status of unity in their EI/EE measures for zero-carbon-emission energies with decreasing RTS. These nations would increase zero-carbon emission for energy consumption to increase GDP while keeping optimal EI/EE because such changes in consumption would not largely affect EI/EE due to their constant RTS status. Iceland showed increasing RTS. The nation may improve the EI level by increasing zero-carbon-emission energy consumption and economic size. The four nations can increase zero-emission energy consumption to achieve further economic growth without observing a large deterioration of EI/EE because it is very ... Text Iceland MDPI Open Access Publishing Energies 16 4 1927 |
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English |
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OECD energy intensity energy efficiency returns to scale data envelopment analysis |
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OECD energy intensity energy efficiency returns to scale data envelopment analysis Toshiyuki Sueyoshi Mika Goto Energy Intensity, Energy Efficiency and Economic Growth among OECD Nations from 2000 to 2019 |
topic_facet |
OECD energy intensity energy efficiency returns to scale data envelopment analysis |
description |
This study examines the energy intensity (EI), energy efficiency (EE), and economic growth, measured by the type of returns to scale (RTS), of 37 nations in the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) from 2000 to 2019. We apply a non-parametric approach to estimate the three measures from their consumption of four primary energy sources, such as coal, gas, oil, and zero emission (e.g., renewable and nuclear power) as inputs and gross domestic product (GDP) as an output. In this study, we have the two types of efficiency measures over time: window-based and cross-sectional-based measures. Three findings are identified from our empirical study. First, the operationally efficient group, including France, Iceland, Japan, Switzerland, UK, and USA, presented a stable status of full efficiency in the window-based efficiency measure. Iceland and Switzerland were also in the higher efficiency group based on the cross-sectional measure. Their efficiencies were high and stable over the observed periods. Second, zero-carbon-emission (e.g., renewable and nuclear) energies outperformed other energy sources (coal, gas, and oil) in terms of a potentiality of EI/EE improvement. In other words, OECD nations can improve on their EI/EE measures by reducing fuel consumption of coal, gas, and oil while maintaining their high GDP levels. Finally, four industrial nations (France, Japan, UK, and USA) had a status of unity in their EI/EE measures for zero-carbon-emission energies with decreasing RTS. These nations would increase zero-carbon emission for energy consumption to increase GDP while keeping optimal EI/EE because such changes in consumption would not largely affect EI/EE due to their constant RTS status. Iceland showed increasing RTS. The nation may improve the EI level by increasing zero-carbon-emission energy consumption and economic size. The four nations can increase zero-emission energy consumption to achieve further economic growth without observing a large deterioration of EI/EE because it is very ... |
format |
Text |
author |
Toshiyuki Sueyoshi Mika Goto |
author_facet |
Toshiyuki Sueyoshi Mika Goto |
author_sort |
Toshiyuki Sueyoshi |
title |
Energy Intensity, Energy Efficiency and Economic Growth among OECD Nations from 2000 to 2019 |
title_short |
Energy Intensity, Energy Efficiency and Economic Growth among OECD Nations from 2000 to 2019 |
title_full |
Energy Intensity, Energy Efficiency and Economic Growth among OECD Nations from 2000 to 2019 |
title_fullStr |
Energy Intensity, Energy Efficiency and Economic Growth among OECD Nations from 2000 to 2019 |
title_full_unstemmed |
Energy Intensity, Energy Efficiency and Economic Growth among OECD Nations from 2000 to 2019 |
title_sort |
energy intensity, energy efficiency and economic growth among oecd nations from 2000 to 2019 |
publisher |
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
publishDate |
2023 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/en16041927 |
genre |
Iceland |
genre_facet |
Iceland |
op_source |
Energies; Volume 16; Issue 4; Pages: 1927 |
op_relation |
C: Energy Economics and Policy https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16041927 |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/en16041927 |
container_title |
Energies |
container_volume |
16 |
container_issue |
4 |
container_start_page |
1927 |
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1774719001215107072 |