Sustainable Energy in European Countries: Analysis of Sustainable Development Goal 7 Using the Dynamic Time Warping Method
At a time of rapid climate change and an uncertain geopolitical situation caused by the war in Ukraine, the problem of access to energy is a serious issue. The use of renewable energy sources and ensuring the highest possible energy independence are becoming important. They are in line with the seve...
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ftmdpi:oai:mdpi.com:/1996-1073/15/20/7756/ 2023-08-20T04:07:29+02:00 Sustainable Energy in European Countries: Analysis of Sustainable Development Goal 7 Using the Dynamic Time Warping Method Krzysztof Dmytrów Beata Bieszk-Stolorz Joanna Landmesser-Rusek 2022-10-20 application/pdf https://doi.org/10.3390/en15207756 EN eng Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute A: Sustainable Energy https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15207756 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Energies; Volume 15; Issue 20; Pages: 7756 sustainable development goal 7 COPRAS method multi-criteria decision support Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) hierarchical clustering Text 2022 ftmdpi https://doi.org/10.3390/en15207756 2023-08-01T06:57:53Z At a time of rapid climate change and an uncertain geopolitical situation caused by the war in Ukraine, the problem of access to energy is a serious issue. The use of renewable energy sources and ensuring the highest possible energy independence are becoming important. They are in line with the seventh Sustainable Development Goal (SDG7). The aim of our research is to compare European countries in terms of the degree of SDG7 implementation and its dynamics from 2005 to 2020. We assess the SDG7 implementation using the COPRAS method and compare its dynamics using the Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) and hierarchical clustering. In years 2005, 2009 and 2020, we present rankings of countries in terms of the SDG7 implementation. Norway, Denmark, Sweden, Croatia, and Estonia were ranked the best, and Luxembourg, Belgium, Bulgaria, Lithuania, Iceland, and Cyprus—the worst. We obtained eight clusters with respect to dynamics of the degree of SDG7 implementation. In Poland, Romania, Belgium, Luxembourg, Latvia, and Ireland, the relative dynamics was increasing, while in the Nordic and South European countries, it was decreasing. The novelty of our research is combining the COPRAS (assessment of SDG7 implementation) and DTW methods (selection of similar countries with respect to its dynamics). Text Iceland MDPI Open Access Publishing Norway Energies 15 20 7756 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
MDPI Open Access Publishing |
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ftmdpi |
language |
English |
topic |
sustainable development goal 7 COPRAS method multi-criteria decision support Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) hierarchical clustering |
spellingShingle |
sustainable development goal 7 COPRAS method multi-criteria decision support Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) hierarchical clustering Krzysztof Dmytrów Beata Bieszk-Stolorz Joanna Landmesser-Rusek Sustainable Energy in European Countries: Analysis of Sustainable Development Goal 7 Using the Dynamic Time Warping Method |
topic_facet |
sustainable development goal 7 COPRAS method multi-criteria decision support Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) hierarchical clustering |
description |
At a time of rapid climate change and an uncertain geopolitical situation caused by the war in Ukraine, the problem of access to energy is a serious issue. The use of renewable energy sources and ensuring the highest possible energy independence are becoming important. They are in line with the seventh Sustainable Development Goal (SDG7). The aim of our research is to compare European countries in terms of the degree of SDG7 implementation and its dynamics from 2005 to 2020. We assess the SDG7 implementation using the COPRAS method and compare its dynamics using the Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) and hierarchical clustering. In years 2005, 2009 and 2020, we present rankings of countries in terms of the SDG7 implementation. Norway, Denmark, Sweden, Croatia, and Estonia were ranked the best, and Luxembourg, Belgium, Bulgaria, Lithuania, Iceland, and Cyprus—the worst. We obtained eight clusters with respect to dynamics of the degree of SDG7 implementation. In Poland, Romania, Belgium, Luxembourg, Latvia, and Ireland, the relative dynamics was increasing, while in the Nordic and South European countries, it was decreasing. The novelty of our research is combining the COPRAS (assessment of SDG7 implementation) and DTW methods (selection of similar countries with respect to its dynamics). |
format |
Text |
author |
Krzysztof Dmytrów Beata Bieszk-Stolorz Joanna Landmesser-Rusek |
author_facet |
Krzysztof Dmytrów Beata Bieszk-Stolorz Joanna Landmesser-Rusek |
author_sort |
Krzysztof Dmytrów |
title |
Sustainable Energy in European Countries: Analysis of Sustainable Development Goal 7 Using the Dynamic Time Warping Method |
title_short |
Sustainable Energy in European Countries: Analysis of Sustainable Development Goal 7 Using the Dynamic Time Warping Method |
title_full |
Sustainable Energy in European Countries: Analysis of Sustainable Development Goal 7 Using the Dynamic Time Warping Method |
title_fullStr |
Sustainable Energy in European Countries: Analysis of Sustainable Development Goal 7 Using the Dynamic Time Warping Method |
title_full_unstemmed |
Sustainable Energy in European Countries: Analysis of Sustainable Development Goal 7 Using the Dynamic Time Warping Method |
title_sort |
sustainable energy in european countries: analysis of sustainable development goal 7 using the dynamic time warping method |
publisher |
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/en15207756 |
geographic |
Norway |
geographic_facet |
Norway |
genre |
Iceland |
genre_facet |
Iceland |
op_source |
Energies; Volume 15; Issue 20; Pages: 7756 |
op_relation |
A: Sustainable Energy https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15207756 |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/en15207756 |
container_title |
Energies |
container_volume |
15 |
container_issue |
20 |
container_start_page |
7756 |
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1774719148774916096 |