Analysis of the Variability of Wave Energy Due to Climate Changes on the Example of the Black Sea
An analysis of the variability of wave climate and energy within the Black Sea for the period 1960–2011 was made using field data from the Voluntary Observing Ship Program. Methods using wavelet analysis were applied. It was determined that the power flux of wave energy in the Black Sea fluctuates:...
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Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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ftmdpi:oai:mdpi.com:/1996-1073/11/8/2020/ 2023-08-20T04:08:25+02:00 Analysis of the Variability of Wave Energy Due to Climate Changes on the Example of the Black Sea Yana Saprykina Sergey Kuznetsov 2018-08-03 application/pdf https://doi.org/10.3390/en11082020 EN eng Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11082020 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Energies; Volume 11; Issue 8; Pages: 2020 wave energy wave climate variability wavelet analysis teleconnection patterns Text 2018 ftmdpi https://doi.org/10.3390/en11082020 2023-07-31T21:39:35Z An analysis of the variability of wave climate and energy within the Black Sea for the period 1960–2011 was made using field data from the Voluntary Observing Ship Program. Methods using wavelet analysis were applied. It was determined that the power flux of wave energy in the Black Sea fluctuates: the highest value is 4.2 kW/m, the lowest is 1.4 kW/m. Results indicate significant correlations among the fluctuations of the average annual wave heights, periods, the power flux of wave energy, and teleconnection patterns of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), the Atlantic Multi-decadal Oscillation (AMO), the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and the East Atlantic/West Russia (EA/WR). It was revealed that, in positive phases of long-term periods of AMO (50–60 years) as well as PDO, NAO, and AO (40 years), a decrease of wave energy was observed; however, an increase in wave energy was observed in the positive phase of a 15-year period of NAO and AO. The positive phase of changes of EA/WR for periods 50–60, 20–25, and 13 years led to an increase of wave energy. The approximation functions of the oscillations of the average annual wave heights, periods, and the power flux of wave energy for the Black Sea are proposed. Text North Atlantic North Atlantic oscillation MDPI Open Access Publishing Pacific Energies 11 8 2020 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
MDPI Open Access Publishing |
op_collection_id |
ftmdpi |
language |
English |
topic |
wave energy wave climate variability wavelet analysis teleconnection patterns |
spellingShingle |
wave energy wave climate variability wavelet analysis teleconnection patterns Yana Saprykina Sergey Kuznetsov Analysis of the Variability of Wave Energy Due to Climate Changes on the Example of the Black Sea |
topic_facet |
wave energy wave climate variability wavelet analysis teleconnection patterns |
description |
An analysis of the variability of wave climate and energy within the Black Sea for the period 1960–2011 was made using field data from the Voluntary Observing Ship Program. Methods using wavelet analysis were applied. It was determined that the power flux of wave energy in the Black Sea fluctuates: the highest value is 4.2 kW/m, the lowest is 1.4 kW/m. Results indicate significant correlations among the fluctuations of the average annual wave heights, periods, the power flux of wave energy, and teleconnection patterns of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), the Atlantic Multi-decadal Oscillation (AMO), the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and the East Atlantic/West Russia (EA/WR). It was revealed that, in positive phases of long-term periods of AMO (50–60 years) as well as PDO, NAO, and AO (40 years), a decrease of wave energy was observed; however, an increase in wave energy was observed in the positive phase of a 15-year period of NAO and AO. The positive phase of changes of EA/WR for periods 50–60, 20–25, and 13 years led to an increase of wave energy. The approximation functions of the oscillations of the average annual wave heights, periods, and the power flux of wave energy for the Black Sea are proposed. |
format |
Text |
author |
Yana Saprykina Sergey Kuznetsov |
author_facet |
Yana Saprykina Sergey Kuznetsov |
author_sort |
Yana Saprykina |
title |
Analysis of the Variability of Wave Energy Due to Climate Changes on the Example of the Black Sea |
title_short |
Analysis of the Variability of Wave Energy Due to Climate Changes on the Example of the Black Sea |
title_full |
Analysis of the Variability of Wave Energy Due to Climate Changes on the Example of the Black Sea |
title_fullStr |
Analysis of the Variability of Wave Energy Due to Climate Changes on the Example of the Black Sea |
title_full_unstemmed |
Analysis of the Variability of Wave Energy Due to Climate Changes on the Example of the Black Sea |
title_sort |
analysis of the variability of wave energy due to climate changes on the example of the black sea |
publisher |
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
publishDate |
2018 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/en11082020 |
geographic |
Pacific |
geographic_facet |
Pacific |
genre |
North Atlantic North Atlantic oscillation |
genre_facet |
North Atlantic North Atlantic oscillation |
op_source |
Energies; Volume 11; Issue 8; Pages: 2020 |
op_relation |
https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11082020 |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/en11082020 |
container_title |
Energies |
container_volume |
11 |
container_issue |
8 |
container_start_page |
2020 |
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1774720673871036416 |