Nonlinear Granger Causality between Health Care Expenditure and Economic Growth in the OECD and Major Developing Countries
Differing from previous studies ignoring the nonlinear features, this study employs both the linear and nonlinear Granger causality tests to examine the complex causal relationship between health care expenditure and economic growth among 15 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OE...
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ftmdpi:oai:mdpi.com:/1660-4601/15/9/1953/ 2023-08-20T04:07:29+02:00 Nonlinear Granger Causality between Health Care Expenditure and Economic Growth in the OECD and Major Developing Countries Liping Ye Xinping Zhang agris 2018-09-07 application/pdf https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15091953 EN eng Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15091953 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health; Volume 15; Issue 9; Pages: 1953 health care expenditure economic growth Linear Granger causality test Nonlinear Granger causality test Text 2018 ftmdpi https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15091953 2023-07-31T21:43:02Z Differing from previous studies ignoring the nonlinear features, this study employs both the linear and nonlinear Granger causality tests to examine the complex causal relationship between health care expenditure and economic growth among 15 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and 5 major developing countries. Some interesting findings can be obtained as follows: (1) For Australia, Austria, and UK, linear and nonlinear Granger causality does not exist between them. A unidirectional linear or nonlinear causality running from economic growth to health care expenditure can be found for Ireland, Korea, Portugal, and India. For these seven countries, health or fiscal policy related to health spending will not have an impact on economic growth; (2) For Belgium, Norway, and Mexico, only a unidirectional linear causality runs from health care expenditure to economic growth, while bidirectional linear causality can be found for Canada, Finland, Iceland, New Zealand, Spain, Brazil, and South Africa. Especially for the US, China, and Japan, a unidirectional nonlinear causality exists from health spending to economic growth. To improve the quality of national health, life quality and happiness, these 13 countries should actively look to optimise policy related to health care expenditure, such as by enhancing the efficiency of health costs to promote sustainable economic development. Text Iceland MDPI Open Access Publishing Canada Norway New Zealand International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15 9 1953 |
institution |
Open Polar |
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MDPI Open Access Publishing |
op_collection_id |
ftmdpi |
language |
English |
topic |
health care expenditure economic growth Linear Granger causality test Nonlinear Granger causality test |
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health care expenditure economic growth Linear Granger causality test Nonlinear Granger causality test Liping Ye Xinping Zhang Nonlinear Granger Causality between Health Care Expenditure and Economic Growth in the OECD and Major Developing Countries |
topic_facet |
health care expenditure economic growth Linear Granger causality test Nonlinear Granger causality test |
description |
Differing from previous studies ignoring the nonlinear features, this study employs both the linear and nonlinear Granger causality tests to examine the complex causal relationship between health care expenditure and economic growth among 15 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and 5 major developing countries. Some interesting findings can be obtained as follows: (1) For Australia, Austria, and UK, linear and nonlinear Granger causality does not exist between them. A unidirectional linear or nonlinear causality running from economic growth to health care expenditure can be found for Ireland, Korea, Portugal, and India. For these seven countries, health or fiscal policy related to health spending will not have an impact on economic growth; (2) For Belgium, Norway, and Mexico, only a unidirectional linear causality runs from health care expenditure to economic growth, while bidirectional linear causality can be found for Canada, Finland, Iceland, New Zealand, Spain, Brazil, and South Africa. Especially for the US, China, and Japan, a unidirectional nonlinear causality exists from health spending to economic growth. To improve the quality of national health, life quality and happiness, these 13 countries should actively look to optimise policy related to health care expenditure, such as by enhancing the efficiency of health costs to promote sustainable economic development. |
format |
Text |
author |
Liping Ye Xinping Zhang |
author_facet |
Liping Ye Xinping Zhang |
author_sort |
Liping Ye |
title |
Nonlinear Granger Causality between Health Care Expenditure and Economic Growth in the OECD and Major Developing Countries |
title_short |
Nonlinear Granger Causality between Health Care Expenditure and Economic Growth in the OECD and Major Developing Countries |
title_full |
Nonlinear Granger Causality between Health Care Expenditure and Economic Growth in the OECD and Major Developing Countries |
title_fullStr |
Nonlinear Granger Causality between Health Care Expenditure and Economic Growth in the OECD and Major Developing Countries |
title_full_unstemmed |
Nonlinear Granger Causality between Health Care Expenditure and Economic Growth in the OECD and Major Developing Countries |
title_sort |
nonlinear granger causality between health care expenditure and economic growth in the oecd and major developing countries |
publisher |
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
publishDate |
2018 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15091953 |
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agris |
geographic |
Canada Norway New Zealand |
geographic_facet |
Canada Norway New Zealand |
genre |
Iceland |
genre_facet |
Iceland |
op_source |
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health; Volume 15; Issue 9; Pages: 1953 |
op_relation |
https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15091953 |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15091953 |
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International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health |
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15 |
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9 |
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1953 |
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