The Structure of the Lipid A of Gram-Negative Cold-Adapted Bacteria Isolated from Antarctic Environments
Gram-negative Antarctic bacteria adopt survival strategies to live and proliferate in an extremely cold environment. Unusual chemical modifications of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the main component of their outer membrane are among the tricks adopted to allow the maintenance of an optimum membr...
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ftmdpi:oai:mdpi.com:/1660-3397/18/12/592/ 2023-08-20T04:02:33+02:00 The Structure of the Lipid A of Gram-Negative Cold-Adapted Bacteria Isolated from Antarctic Environments Flaviana Di Lorenzo Francesca Crisafi Violetta La Cono Michail M. Yakimov Antonio Molinaro Alba Silipo agris 2020-11-26 application/pdf https://doi.org/10.3390/md18120592 EN eng Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md18120592 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Marine Drugs; Volume 18; Issue 12; Pages: 592 psychrophiles Antarctic bacteria Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) lipid A structural characterization MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry Text 2020 ftmdpi https://doi.org/10.3390/md18120592 2023-08-01T00:32:05Z Gram-negative Antarctic bacteria adopt survival strategies to live and proliferate in an extremely cold environment. Unusual chemical modifications of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the main component of their outer membrane are among the tricks adopted to allow the maintenance of an optimum membrane fluidity even at particularly low temperatures. In particular, the LPS’ glycolipid moiety, the lipid A, typically undergoes several structural modifications comprising desaturation of the acyl chains, reduction in their length and increase in their branching. The investigation of the structure of the lipid A from cold-adapted bacteria is, therefore, crucial to understand the mechanisms underlying the cold adaptation phenomenon. Here we describe the structural elucidation of the highly heterogenous lipid A from three psychrophiles isolated from Terra Nova Bay, Antarctica. All the lipid A structures have been determined by merging data that was attained from the compositional analysis with information from a matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) time of flight (TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) and MS2 investigation. As lipid A is also involved in a structure-dependent elicitation of innate immune response in mammals, the structural characterization of lipid A from such extremophile bacteria is also of great interest from the perspective of drug synthesis and development inspired by natural sources. Text Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica MDPI Open Access Publishing Antarctic Terra Nova Bay Marine Drugs 18 12 592 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
MDPI Open Access Publishing |
op_collection_id |
ftmdpi |
language |
English |
topic |
psychrophiles Antarctic bacteria Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) lipid A structural characterization MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry |
spellingShingle |
psychrophiles Antarctic bacteria Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) lipid A structural characterization MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry Flaviana Di Lorenzo Francesca Crisafi Violetta La Cono Michail M. Yakimov Antonio Molinaro Alba Silipo The Structure of the Lipid A of Gram-Negative Cold-Adapted Bacteria Isolated from Antarctic Environments |
topic_facet |
psychrophiles Antarctic bacteria Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) lipid A structural characterization MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry |
description |
Gram-negative Antarctic bacteria adopt survival strategies to live and proliferate in an extremely cold environment. Unusual chemical modifications of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the main component of their outer membrane are among the tricks adopted to allow the maintenance of an optimum membrane fluidity even at particularly low temperatures. In particular, the LPS’ glycolipid moiety, the lipid A, typically undergoes several structural modifications comprising desaturation of the acyl chains, reduction in their length and increase in their branching. The investigation of the structure of the lipid A from cold-adapted bacteria is, therefore, crucial to understand the mechanisms underlying the cold adaptation phenomenon. Here we describe the structural elucidation of the highly heterogenous lipid A from three psychrophiles isolated from Terra Nova Bay, Antarctica. All the lipid A structures have been determined by merging data that was attained from the compositional analysis with information from a matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) time of flight (TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) and MS2 investigation. As lipid A is also involved in a structure-dependent elicitation of innate immune response in mammals, the structural characterization of lipid A from such extremophile bacteria is also of great interest from the perspective of drug synthesis and development inspired by natural sources. |
format |
Text |
author |
Flaviana Di Lorenzo Francesca Crisafi Violetta La Cono Michail M. Yakimov Antonio Molinaro Alba Silipo |
author_facet |
Flaviana Di Lorenzo Francesca Crisafi Violetta La Cono Michail M. Yakimov Antonio Molinaro Alba Silipo |
author_sort |
Flaviana Di Lorenzo |
title |
The Structure of the Lipid A of Gram-Negative Cold-Adapted Bacteria Isolated from Antarctic Environments |
title_short |
The Structure of the Lipid A of Gram-Negative Cold-Adapted Bacteria Isolated from Antarctic Environments |
title_full |
The Structure of the Lipid A of Gram-Negative Cold-Adapted Bacteria Isolated from Antarctic Environments |
title_fullStr |
The Structure of the Lipid A of Gram-Negative Cold-Adapted Bacteria Isolated from Antarctic Environments |
title_full_unstemmed |
The Structure of the Lipid A of Gram-Negative Cold-Adapted Bacteria Isolated from Antarctic Environments |
title_sort |
structure of the lipid a of gram-negative cold-adapted bacteria isolated from antarctic environments |
publisher |
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/md18120592 |
op_coverage |
agris |
geographic |
Antarctic Terra Nova Bay |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic Terra Nova Bay |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica |
op_source |
Marine Drugs; Volume 18; Issue 12; Pages: 592 |
op_relation |
https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md18120592 |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/md18120592 |
container_title |
Marine Drugs |
container_volume |
18 |
container_issue |
12 |
container_start_page |
592 |
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1774713063818133504 |