A Phospholipid-Protein Complex from Antarctic Krill Reduced Plasma Homocysteine Levels and Increased Plasma Trimethylamine-N-Oxide (TMAO) and Carnitine Levels in Male Wistar Rats
Seafood is assumed to be beneficial for cardiovascular health, mainly based on plasma lipid lowering and anti-inflammatory effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. However, other plasma risk factors linked to cardiovascular disease are less studied. This study aimed to penetrate the effect of a p...
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ftmdpi:oai:mdpi.com:/1660-3397/13/9/5706/ 2023-08-20T04:01:04+02:00 A Phospholipid-Protein Complex from Antarctic Krill Reduced Plasma Homocysteine Levels and Increased Plasma Trimethylamine-N-Oxide (TMAO) and Carnitine Levels in Male Wistar Rats Bodil Bjørndal Marie Ramsvik Carine Lindquist Jan Nordrehaug Inge Bruheim Asbjørn Svardal Ottar Nygård Rolf Berge agris 2015-09-08 application/pdf https://doi.org/10.3390/md13095706 EN eng Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md13095706 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Marine Drugs; Volume 13; Issue 9; Pages: 5706-5721 phospholipid-protein complex Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids Euphausia superba one-carbon metabolism homocysteine trimethylamine- N -oxide carnitine Text 2015 ftmdpi https://doi.org/10.3390/md13095706 2023-07-31T20:46:21Z Seafood is assumed to be beneficial for cardiovascular health, mainly based on plasma lipid lowering and anti-inflammatory effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. However, other plasma risk factors linked to cardiovascular disease are less studied. This study aimed to penetrate the effect of a phospholipid-protein complex (PPC) from Antarctic krill on one-carbon metabolism and production of trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) in rats. Male Wistar rats were fed isoenergetic control, 6%, or 11% PPC diets for four weeks. Rats fed PPC had reduced total homocysteine plasma level and increased levels of choline, dimethylglycine and cysteine, whereas the plasma level of methionine was unchanged compared to control. PPC feeding increased the plasma level of TMAO, carnitine, its precursors trimethyllysine and γ-butyrobetaine. There was a close correlation between plasma TMAO and carnitine, trimethyllysine, and γ-butyrobetaine, but not between TMAO and choline. The present data suggest that PPC has a homocysteine lowering effect and is associated with altered plasma concentrations of metabolites related to one-carbon metabolism and B-vitamin status in rats. Moreover, the present study reveals a non-obligatory role of gut microbiota in the increased plasma TMAO level as it can be explained by the PPC’s content of TMAO. The increased level of carnitine and carnitine precursors is interpreted to reflect increased carnitine biosynthesis. Text Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Krill Euphausia superba MDPI Open Access Publishing Antarctic Marine Drugs 13 9 5706 5721 |
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Open Polar |
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MDPI Open Access Publishing |
op_collection_id |
ftmdpi |
language |
English |
topic |
phospholipid-protein complex Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids Euphausia superba one-carbon metabolism homocysteine trimethylamine- N -oxide carnitine |
spellingShingle |
phospholipid-protein complex Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids Euphausia superba one-carbon metabolism homocysteine trimethylamine- N -oxide carnitine Bodil Bjørndal Marie Ramsvik Carine Lindquist Jan Nordrehaug Inge Bruheim Asbjørn Svardal Ottar Nygård Rolf Berge A Phospholipid-Protein Complex from Antarctic Krill Reduced Plasma Homocysteine Levels and Increased Plasma Trimethylamine-N-Oxide (TMAO) and Carnitine Levels in Male Wistar Rats |
topic_facet |
phospholipid-protein complex Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids Euphausia superba one-carbon metabolism homocysteine trimethylamine- N -oxide carnitine |
description |
Seafood is assumed to be beneficial for cardiovascular health, mainly based on plasma lipid lowering and anti-inflammatory effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. However, other plasma risk factors linked to cardiovascular disease are less studied. This study aimed to penetrate the effect of a phospholipid-protein complex (PPC) from Antarctic krill on one-carbon metabolism and production of trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) in rats. Male Wistar rats were fed isoenergetic control, 6%, or 11% PPC diets for four weeks. Rats fed PPC had reduced total homocysteine plasma level and increased levels of choline, dimethylglycine and cysteine, whereas the plasma level of methionine was unchanged compared to control. PPC feeding increased the plasma level of TMAO, carnitine, its precursors trimethyllysine and γ-butyrobetaine. There was a close correlation between plasma TMAO and carnitine, trimethyllysine, and γ-butyrobetaine, but not between TMAO and choline. The present data suggest that PPC has a homocysteine lowering effect and is associated with altered plasma concentrations of metabolites related to one-carbon metabolism and B-vitamin status in rats. Moreover, the present study reveals a non-obligatory role of gut microbiota in the increased plasma TMAO level as it can be explained by the PPC’s content of TMAO. The increased level of carnitine and carnitine precursors is interpreted to reflect increased carnitine biosynthesis. |
format |
Text |
author |
Bodil Bjørndal Marie Ramsvik Carine Lindquist Jan Nordrehaug Inge Bruheim Asbjørn Svardal Ottar Nygård Rolf Berge |
author_facet |
Bodil Bjørndal Marie Ramsvik Carine Lindquist Jan Nordrehaug Inge Bruheim Asbjørn Svardal Ottar Nygård Rolf Berge |
author_sort |
Bodil Bjørndal |
title |
A Phospholipid-Protein Complex from Antarctic Krill Reduced Plasma Homocysteine Levels and Increased Plasma Trimethylamine-N-Oxide (TMAO) and Carnitine Levels in Male Wistar Rats |
title_short |
A Phospholipid-Protein Complex from Antarctic Krill Reduced Plasma Homocysteine Levels and Increased Plasma Trimethylamine-N-Oxide (TMAO) and Carnitine Levels in Male Wistar Rats |
title_full |
A Phospholipid-Protein Complex from Antarctic Krill Reduced Plasma Homocysteine Levels and Increased Plasma Trimethylamine-N-Oxide (TMAO) and Carnitine Levels in Male Wistar Rats |
title_fullStr |
A Phospholipid-Protein Complex from Antarctic Krill Reduced Plasma Homocysteine Levels and Increased Plasma Trimethylamine-N-Oxide (TMAO) and Carnitine Levels in Male Wistar Rats |
title_full_unstemmed |
A Phospholipid-Protein Complex from Antarctic Krill Reduced Plasma Homocysteine Levels and Increased Plasma Trimethylamine-N-Oxide (TMAO) and Carnitine Levels in Male Wistar Rats |
title_sort |
phospholipid-protein complex from antarctic krill reduced plasma homocysteine levels and increased plasma trimethylamine-n-oxide (tmao) and carnitine levels in male wistar rats |
publisher |
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
publishDate |
2015 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/md13095706 |
op_coverage |
agris |
geographic |
Antarctic |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Krill Euphausia superba |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Krill Euphausia superba |
op_source |
Marine Drugs; Volume 13; Issue 9; Pages: 5706-5721 |
op_relation |
https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md13095706 |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/md13095706 |
container_title |
Marine Drugs |
container_volume |
13 |
container_issue |
9 |
container_start_page |
5706 |
op_container_end_page |
5721 |
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1774722424573526016 |