Dangerous Relations in the Arctic Marine Food Web: Interactions between Toxin Producing Pseudo-nitzschia Diatoms and Calanus Copepodites
Diatoms of the genus Pseudo-nitzschia produce domoic acid (DA), a toxin that is vectored in the marine food web, thus causing serious problems for marine organisms and humans. In spite of this, knowledge of interactions between grazing zooplankton and diatoms is restricted. In this study, we examine...
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ftmdpi:oai:mdpi.com:/1660-3397/13/6/3809/ 2023-08-20T04:04:43+02:00 Dangerous Relations in the Arctic Marine Food Web: Interactions between Toxin Producing Pseudo-nitzschia Diatoms and Calanus Copepodites Sara Harðardóttir Marina Pančić Anna Tammilehto Bernd Krock Eva Møller Torkel Nielsen Nina Lundholm agris 2015-06-16 application/pdf https://doi.org/10.3390/md13063809 EN eng Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md13063809 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Marine Drugs; Volume 13; Issue 6; Pages: 3809-3835 Calanus copepodites Pseudo-nitzschia seriata P. obtusa grazing induction chemical ecology toxin production domoic acid Text 2015 ftmdpi https://doi.org/10.3390/md13063809 2023-07-31T20:44:24Z Diatoms of the genus Pseudo-nitzschia produce domoic acid (DA), a toxin that is vectored in the marine food web, thus causing serious problems for marine organisms and humans. In spite of this, knowledge of interactions between grazing zooplankton and diatoms is restricted. In this study, we examined the interactions between Calanus copepodites and toxin producing Pseudo-nitzschia. The copepodites were fed with different concentrations of toxic P. seriata and a strain of P. obtusa that previously was tested to be non-toxic. The ingestion rates did not differ among the diets (P. seriata, P. obtusa, a mixture of both species), and they accumulated 6%–16% of ingested DA (up to 420 µg per dry weight copepodite). When P. seriata was exposed to the copepodites, either through physical contact with the grazers or separated by a membrane, the toxicity of P. seriata increased (up to 3300%) suggesting the response to be chemically mediated. The induced response was also triggered when copepodites grazed on another diatom, supporting the hypothesis that the cues originate from the copepodite. Neither pH nor nutrient concentrations explained the induced DA production. Unexpectedly, P. obtusa also produced DA when exposed to grazing copepodites, thus representing the second reported toxic polar diatom. Text Arctic Zooplankton MDPI Open Access Publishing Arctic Marine Drugs 13 6 3809 3835 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
MDPI Open Access Publishing |
op_collection_id |
ftmdpi |
language |
English |
topic |
Calanus copepodites Pseudo-nitzschia seriata P. obtusa grazing induction chemical ecology toxin production domoic acid |
spellingShingle |
Calanus copepodites Pseudo-nitzschia seriata P. obtusa grazing induction chemical ecology toxin production domoic acid Sara Harðardóttir Marina Pančić Anna Tammilehto Bernd Krock Eva Møller Torkel Nielsen Nina Lundholm Dangerous Relations in the Arctic Marine Food Web: Interactions between Toxin Producing Pseudo-nitzschia Diatoms and Calanus Copepodites |
topic_facet |
Calanus copepodites Pseudo-nitzschia seriata P. obtusa grazing induction chemical ecology toxin production domoic acid |
description |
Diatoms of the genus Pseudo-nitzschia produce domoic acid (DA), a toxin that is vectored in the marine food web, thus causing serious problems for marine organisms and humans. In spite of this, knowledge of interactions between grazing zooplankton and diatoms is restricted. In this study, we examined the interactions between Calanus copepodites and toxin producing Pseudo-nitzschia. The copepodites were fed with different concentrations of toxic P. seriata and a strain of P. obtusa that previously was tested to be non-toxic. The ingestion rates did not differ among the diets (P. seriata, P. obtusa, a mixture of both species), and they accumulated 6%–16% of ingested DA (up to 420 µg per dry weight copepodite). When P. seriata was exposed to the copepodites, either through physical contact with the grazers or separated by a membrane, the toxicity of P. seriata increased (up to 3300%) suggesting the response to be chemically mediated. The induced response was also triggered when copepodites grazed on another diatom, supporting the hypothesis that the cues originate from the copepodite. Neither pH nor nutrient concentrations explained the induced DA production. Unexpectedly, P. obtusa also produced DA when exposed to grazing copepodites, thus representing the second reported toxic polar diatom. |
format |
Text |
author |
Sara Harðardóttir Marina Pančić Anna Tammilehto Bernd Krock Eva Møller Torkel Nielsen Nina Lundholm |
author_facet |
Sara Harðardóttir Marina Pančić Anna Tammilehto Bernd Krock Eva Møller Torkel Nielsen Nina Lundholm |
author_sort |
Sara Harðardóttir |
title |
Dangerous Relations in the Arctic Marine Food Web: Interactions between Toxin Producing Pseudo-nitzschia Diatoms and Calanus Copepodites |
title_short |
Dangerous Relations in the Arctic Marine Food Web: Interactions between Toxin Producing Pseudo-nitzschia Diatoms and Calanus Copepodites |
title_full |
Dangerous Relations in the Arctic Marine Food Web: Interactions between Toxin Producing Pseudo-nitzschia Diatoms and Calanus Copepodites |
title_fullStr |
Dangerous Relations in the Arctic Marine Food Web: Interactions between Toxin Producing Pseudo-nitzschia Diatoms and Calanus Copepodites |
title_full_unstemmed |
Dangerous Relations in the Arctic Marine Food Web: Interactions between Toxin Producing Pseudo-nitzschia Diatoms and Calanus Copepodites |
title_sort |
dangerous relations in the arctic marine food web: interactions between toxin producing pseudo-nitzschia diatoms and calanus copepodites |
publisher |
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
publishDate |
2015 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/md13063809 |
op_coverage |
agris |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic Zooplankton |
genre_facet |
Arctic Zooplankton |
op_source |
Marine Drugs; Volume 13; Issue 6; Pages: 3809-3835 |
op_relation |
https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md13063809 |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/md13063809 |
container_title |
Marine Drugs |
container_volume |
13 |
container_issue |
6 |
container_start_page |
3809 |
op_container_end_page |
3835 |
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1774715088269213696 |