New Invertebrate Vectors for PST, Spirolides and Okadaic Acid in the North Atlantic
The prevalence of poisoning events due to harmful algal blooms (HABs) has declined during the last two decades through monitoring programs and legislation, implemented mainly for bivalves. However, new toxin vectors and emergent toxins pose a challenge to public health. Several locations on the Port...
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ftmdpi:oai:mdpi.com:/1660-3397/11/6/1936/ 2023-08-20T04:08:12+02:00 New Invertebrate Vectors for PST, Spirolides and Okadaic Acid in the North Atlantic Marisa Silva Aldo Barreiro Paula Rodriguez Paz Otero Joana Azevedo Amparo Alfonso Luis Botana Vitor Vasconcelos agris 2013-06-05 application/pdf https://doi.org/10.3390/md11061936 EN eng Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md11061936 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Marine Drugs; Volume 11; Issue 6; Pages: 1936-1960 new vectors PST okadaic acid spirolides North Atlantic Text 2013 ftmdpi https://doi.org/10.3390/md11061936 2023-07-31T20:32:50Z The prevalence of poisoning events due to harmful algal blooms (HABs) has declined during the last two decades through monitoring programs and legislation, implemented mainly for bivalves. However, new toxin vectors and emergent toxins pose a challenge to public health. Several locations on the Portuguese coast were surveyed between 2009 and 2010 for three distinct biotoxin groups [saxitoxin (PST), spirolide (SPX) and okadaic acid (OA)], in 14 benthic species of mollusks and echinoderms. Our main goals were to detect new vectors and unravel the seasonal and geographical patterns of these toxins. PSTs were analyzed by the Lawrence method, SPXs by LC-MS/MS, and OA by LC-MS/MS and UPLC-MS/MS. We report 16 new vectors for these toxins in the North Atlantic. There were differences in toxin contents among species, but no significant geographical or seasonal patterns were found. Our results suggest that legislation should be adjusted to extend the monitoring of marine toxins to a wider range of species besides edible bivalves. Text North Atlantic MDPI Open Access Publishing Marine Drugs 11 6 1936 1960 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
MDPI Open Access Publishing |
op_collection_id |
ftmdpi |
language |
English |
topic |
new vectors PST okadaic acid spirolides North Atlantic |
spellingShingle |
new vectors PST okadaic acid spirolides North Atlantic Marisa Silva Aldo Barreiro Paula Rodriguez Paz Otero Joana Azevedo Amparo Alfonso Luis Botana Vitor Vasconcelos New Invertebrate Vectors for PST, Spirolides and Okadaic Acid in the North Atlantic |
topic_facet |
new vectors PST okadaic acid spirolides North Atlantic |
description |
The prevalence of poisoning events due to harmful algal blooms (HABs) has declined during the last two decades through monitoring programs and legislation, implemented mainly for bivalves. However, new toxin vectors and emergent toxins pose a challenge to public health. Several locations on the Portuguese coast were surveyed between 2009 and 2010 for three distinct biotoxin groups [saxitoxin (PST), spirolide (SPX) and okadaic acid (OA)], in 14 benthic species of mollusks and echinoderms. Our main goals were to detect new vectors and unravel the seasonal and geographical patterns of these toxins. PSTs were analyzed by the Lawrence method, SPXs by LC-MS/MS, and OA by LC-MS/MS and UPLC-MS/MS. We report 16 new vectors for these toxins in the North Atlantic. There were differences in toxin contents among species, but no significant geographical or seasonal patterns were found. Our results suggest that legislation should be adjusted to extend the monitoring of marine toxins to a wider range of species besides edible bivalves. |
format |
Text |
author |
Marisa Silva Aldo Barreiro Paula Rodriguez Paz Otero Joana Azevedo Amparo Alfonso Luis Botana Vitor Vasconcelos |
author_facet |
Marisa Silva Aldo Barreiro Paula Rodriguez Paz Otero Joana Azevedo Amparo Alfonso Luis Botana Vitor Vasconcelos |
author_sort |
Marisa Silva |
title |
New Invertebrate Vectors for PST, Spirolides and Okadaic Acid in the North Atlantic |
title_short |
New Invertebrate Vectors for PST, Spirolides and Okadaic Acid in the North Atlantic |
title_full |
New Invertebrate Vectors for PST, Spirolides and Okadaic Acid in the North Atlantic |
title_fullStr |
New Invertebrate Vectors for PST, Spirolides and Okadaic Acid in the North Atlantic |
title_full_unstemmed |
New Invertebrate Vectors for PST, Spirolides and Okadaic Acid in the North Atlantic |
title_sort |
new invertebrate vectors for pst, spirolides and okadaic acid in the north atlantic |
publisher |
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
publishDate |
2013 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/md11061936 |
op_coverage |
agris |
genre |
North Atlantic |
genre_facet |
North Atlantic |
op_source |
Marine Drugs; Volume 11; Issue 6; Pages: 1936-1960 |
op_relation |
https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md11061936 |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/md11061936 |
container_title |
Marine Drugs |
container_volume |
11 |
container_issue |
6 |
container_start_page |
1936 |
op_container_end_page |
1960 |
_version_ |
1774720351233638400 |