Multiparametric Monitoring System of Mt. Melbourne Volcano (Victoria Land, Antarctica)
Volcano monitoring is the key approach in mitigating the risks associated with volcanic phenomena. Although Antarctic volcanoes are characterized by remoteness, the 2010 Eyjafjallajökull eruption and the 2022 Hunga eruption have reminded us that even the farthest and/or least-known volcanoes can pos...
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ftmdpi:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/23/17/7594/ 2023-10-01T03:50:49+02:00 Multiparametric Monitoring System of Mt. Melbourne Volcano (Victoria Land, Antarctica) Graziano Larocca Danilo Contrafatto Andrea Cannata Gaetano Giudice 2023-09-01 application/pdf https://doi.org/10.3390/s23177594 eng eng Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute Sensor Networks https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23177594 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Sensors Volume 23 Issue 17 Pages: 7594 sensor network volcano monitoring extreme weather conditions Antarctica Text 2023 ftmdpi https://doi.org/10.3390/s23177594 2023-09-03T23:55:10Z Volcano monitoring is the key approach in mitigating the risks associated with volcanic phenomena. Although Antarctic volcanoes are characterized by remoteness, the 2010 Eyjafjallajökull eruption and the 2022 Hunga eruption have reminded us that even the farthest and/or least-known volcanoes can pose significant hazards to large and distant communities. Hence, it is important to also develop monitoring systems in the Antarctic volcanoes, which involves installing and maintaining multiparametric instrument networks. These tasks are particularly challenging in polar regions as the instruments have to face the most extreme climate on the Earth, characterized by very low temperatures and strong winds. In this work, we describe the multiparametric monitoring system recently deployed on the Melbourne volcano (Victoria Land, Antarctica), consisting of seismic, geochemical and thermal sensors together with powering, transmission and acquisition systems. Particular strategies have been applied to make the monitoring stations efficient despite the extreme weather conditions. Fumarolic ice caves, located on the summit area of the Melbourne volcano, were chosen as installation sites as they are protected places where no storm can damage the instruments and temperatures are close to 0 °C all year round. In addition, the choice of instruments and their operating mode has also been driven by the necessity to reduce energy consumption. Indeed, one of the most complicated tasks in Antarctica is powering a remote instrument year-round. The technological solutions found to implement the monitoring system of the Melbourne volcano and described in this work can help create volcano monitoring infrastructures in other polar environments. Text Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica Eyjafjallajökull Victoria Land MDPI Open Access Publishing Antarctic The Antarctic Victoria Land Sensors 23 17 7594 |
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sensor network volcano monitoring extreme weather conditions Antarctica |
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sensor network volcano monitoring extreme weather conditions Antarctica Graziano Larocca Danilo Contrafatto Andrea Cannata Gaetano Giudice Multiparametric Monitoring System of Mt. Melbourne Volcano (Victoria Land, Antarctica) |
topic_facet |
sensor network volcano monitoring extreme weather conditions Antarctica |
description |
Volcano monitoring is the key approach in mitigating the risks associated with volcanic phenomena. Although Antarctic volcanoes are characterized by remoteness, the 2010 Eyjafjallajökull eruption and the 2022 Hunga eruption have reminded us that even the farthest and/or least-known volcanoes can pose significant hazards to large and distant communities. Hence, it is important to also develop monitoring systems in the Antarctic volcanoes, which involves installing and maintaining multiparametric instrument networks. These tasks are particularly challenging in polar regions as the instruments have to face the most extreme climate on the Earth, characterized by very low temperatures and strong winds. In this work, we describe the multiparametric monitoring system recently deployed on the Melbourne volcano (Victoria Land, Antarctica), consisting of seismic, geochemical and thermal sensors together with powering, transmission and acquisition systems. Particular strategies have been applied to make the monitoring stations efficient despite the extreme weather conditions. Fumarolic ice caves, located on the summit area of the Melbourne volcano, were chosen as installation sites as they are protected places where no storm can damage the instruments and temperatures are close to 0 °C all year round. In addition, the choice of instruments and their operating mode has also been driven by the necessity to reduce energy consumption. Indeed, one of the most complicated tasks in Antarctica is powering a remote instrument year-round. The technological solutions found to implement the monitoring system of the Melbourne volcano and described in this work can help create volcano monitoring infrastructures in other polar environments. |
format |
Text |
author |
Graziano Larocca Danilo Contrafatto Andrea Cannata Gaetano Giudice |
author_facet |
Graziano Larocca Danilo Contrafatto Andrea Cannata Gaetano Giudice |
author_sort |
Graziano Larocca |
title |
Multiparametric Monitoring System of Mt. Melbourne Volcano (Victoria Land, Antarctica) |
title_short |
Multiparametric Monitoring System of Mt. Melbourne Volcano (Victoria Land, Antarctica) |
title_full |
Multiparametric Monitoring System of Mt. Melbourne Volcano (Victoria Land, Antarctica) |
title_fullStr |
Multiparametric Monitoring System of Mt. Melbourne Volcano (Victoria Land, Antarctica) |
title_full_unstemmed |
Multiparametric Monitoring System of Mt. Melbourne Volcano (Victoria Land, Antarctica) |
title_sort |
multiparametric monitoring system of mt. melbourne volcano (victoria land, antarctica) |
publisher |
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
publishDate |
2023 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/s23177594 |
geographic |
Antarctic The Antarctic Victoria Land |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic The Antarctic Victoria Land |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica Eyjafjallajökull Victoria Land |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica Eyjafjallajökull Victoria Land |
op_source |
Sensors Volume 23 Issue 17 Pages: 7594 |
op_relation |
Sensor Networks https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23177594 |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/s23177594 |
container_title |
Sensors |
container_volume |
23 |
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17 |
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7594 |
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1778527976009236480 |