Urban Warming of the Two Most Populated Cities in the Canadian Province of Alberta, and Its Influencing Factors
Continuous urban expansion transforms the natural land cover into impervious surfaces across the world. It increases the city’s thermal intensity that impacts the local climate, thus, warming the urban environment. Surface urban heat island (SUHI) is an indicator of quantifying such local urban warm...
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ftmdpi:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/22/8/2894/ 2023-08-20T04:05:00+02:00 Urban Warming of the Two Most Populated Cities in the Canadian Province of Alberta, and Its Influencing Factors Ifeanyi R. Ejiagha M. Razu Ahmed Ashraf Dewan Anil Gupta Elena Rangelova Quazi K. Hassan 2022-04-09 application/pdf https://doi.org/10.3390/s22082894 EN eng Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute Remote Sensors https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22082894 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Sensors; Volume 22; Issue 8; Pages: 2894 built-up land surface temperature (LST) local warming spaceborne remote sensing surface urban heat island (SUHI) Text 2022 ftmdpi https://doi.org/10.3390/s22082894 2023-08-01T04:42:46Z Continuous urban expansion transforms the natural land cover into impervious surfaces across the world. It increases the city’s thermal intensity that impacts the local climate, thus, warming the urban environment. Surface urban heat island (SUHI) is an indicator of quantifying such local urban warming. In this study, we quantified SUHI for the two most populated cities in Alberta, Canada, i.e., the city of Calgary and the city of Edmonton. We used the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) acquired land surface temperature (LST) to estimate the day and nighttime SUHI and its trends during 2001–2020. We also performed a correlation analysis between SUHI and selected seven influencing factors, such as urban expansion, population, precipitation, and four large-scale atmospheric oscillations, i.e., Sea Surface Temperature (SST), Pacific North America (PNA), Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), and Arctic Oscillation (AO). Our results indicated a continuous increase in the annual day and nighttime SUHI values from 2001 to 2020 in both cities, with a higher magnitude found for Calgary. Moreover, the highest value of daytime SUHI was observed in July for both cities. While significant warming trends of SUHI were noticed in the annual daytime for the cities, only Calgary showed it in the annual nighttime. The monthly significant warming trends of SUHI showed an increasing pattern during daytime in June, July, August, and September in Calgary, and March and September in Edmonton. Here, only Calgary showed the nighttime significant warming trends in March, May, and August. Further, our correlation analysis indicated that population and built-up expansion were the main factors that influenced the SUHI in the cities during the study period. Moreover, SST indicated an acceptable relationship with SUHI in Edmonton only, while PDO, PNA, and AO did not show any relation in either of the two cities. We conclude that population, built-up size, and landscape pattern could better explain the variations of the SUHI ... Text Arctic MDPI Open Access Publishing Arctic Canada Pacific Sensors 22 8 2894 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
MDPI Open Access Publishing |
op_collection_id |
ftmdpi |
language |
English |
topic |
built-up land surface temperature (LST) local warming spaceborne remote sensing surface urban heat island (SUHI) |
spellingShingle |
built-up land surface temperature (LST) local warming spaceborne remote sensing surface urban heat island (SUHI) Ifeanyi R. Ejiagha M. Razu Ahmed Ashraf Dewan Anil Gupta Elena Rangelova Quazi K. Hassan Urban Warming of the Two Most Populated Cities in the Canadian Province of Alberta, and Its Influencing Factors |
topic_facet |
built-up land surface temperature (LST) local warming spaceborne remote sensing surface urban heat island (SUHI) |
description |
Continuous urban expansion transforms the natural land cover into impervious surfaces across the world. It increases the city’s thermal intensity that impacts the local climate, thus, warming the urban environment. Surface urban heat island (SUHI) is an indicator of quantifying such local urban warming. In this study, we quantified SUHI for the two most populated cities in Alberta, Canada, i.e., the city of Calgary and the city of Edmonton. We used the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) acquired land surface temperature (LST) to estimate the day and nighttime SUHI and its trends during 2001–2020. We also performed a correlation analysis between SUHI and selected seven influencing factors, such as urban expansion, population, precipitation, and four large-scale atmospheric oscillations, i.e., Sea Surface Temperature (SST), Pacific North America (PNA), Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), and Arctic Oscillation (AO). Our results indicated a continuous increase in the annual day and nighttime SUHI values from 2001 to 2020 in both cities, with a higher magnitude found for Calgary. Moreover, the highest value of daytime SUHI was observed in July for both cities. While significant warming trends of SUHI were noticed in the annual daytime for the cities, only Calgary showed it in the annual nighttime. The monthly significant warming trends of SUHI showed an increasing pattern during daytime in June, July, August, and September in Calgary, and March and September in Edmonton. Here, only Calgary showed the nighttime significant warming trends in March, May, and August. Further, our correlation analysis indicated that population and built-up expansion were the main factors that influenced the SUHI in the cities during the study period. Moreover, SST indicated an acceptable relationship with SUHI in Edmonton only, while PDO, PNA, and AO did not show any relation in either of the two cities. We conclude that population, built-up size, and landscape pattern could better explain the variations of the SUHI ... |
format |
Text |
author |
Ifeanyi R. Ejiagha M. Razu Ahmed Ashraf Dewan Anil Gupta Elena Rangelova Quazi K. Hassan |
author_facet |
Ifeanyi R. Ejiagha M. Razu Ahmed Ashraf Dewan Anil Gupta Elena Rangelova Quazi K. Hassan |
author_sort |
Ifeanyi R. Ejiagha |
title |
Urban Warming of the Two Most Populated Cities in the Canadian Province of Alberta, and Its Influencing Factors |
title_short |
Urban Warming of the Two Most Populated Cities in the Canadian Province of Alberta, and Its Influencing Factors |
title_full |
Urban Warming of the Two Most Populated Cities in the Canadian Province of Alberta, and Its Influencing Factors |
title_fullStr |
Urban Warming of the Two Most Populated Cities in the Canadian Province of Alberta, and Its Influencing Factors |
title_full_unstemmed |
Urban Warming of the Two Most Populated Cities in the Canadian Province of Alberta, and Its Influencing Factors |
title_sort |
urban warming of the two most populated cities in the canadian province of alberta, and its influencing factors |
publisher |
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/s22082894 |
geographic |
Arctic Canada Pacific |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Canada Pacific |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
Sensors; Volume 22; Issue 8; Pages: 2894 |
op_relation |
Remote Sensors https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22082894 |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/s22082894 |
container_title |
Sensors |
container_volume |
22 |
container_issue |
8 |
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2894 |
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1774715435181146112 |