SodSAR: A Tower-Based 1–10 GHz SAR System for Snow, Soil and Vegetation Studies
We introduce SodSAR, a fully polarimetric tower-based wide frequency (1–10 GHz) range Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) aimed at snow, soil and vegetation studies. The instrument is located in the Arctic Space Centre of the Finnish Meteorological Institute in Sodankylä, Finland. The system is based on...
Published in: | Sensors |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
Format: | Text |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
2020
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3390/s20226702 |
id |
ftmdpi:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/20/22/6702/ |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftmdpi:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/20/22/6702/ 2023-08-20T04:04:44+02:00 SodSAR: A Tower-Based 1–10 GHz SAR System for Snow, Soil and Vegetation Studies Jorge Jorge Ruiz Risto Vehmas Juha Lemmetyinen Josu Uusitalo Janne Lahtinen Kari Lehtinen Anna Kontu Kimmo Rautiainen Riku Tarvainen Jouni Pulliainen Jaan Praks 2020-11-23 application/pdf https://doi.org/10.3390/s20226702 EN eng Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute Remote Sensors https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20226702 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Sensors; Volume 20; Issue 22; Pages: 6702 SodSAR synthetic aperture radar InSAR boreal forest vector network analyzer scatterometer radiometric calibration temporal coherence Text 2020 ftmdpi https://doi.org/10.3390/s20226702 2023-08-01T00:30:58Z We introduce SodSAR, a fully polarimetric tower-based wide frequency (1–10 GHz) range Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) aimed at snow, soil and vegetation studies. The instrument is located in the Arctic Space Centre of the Finnish Meteorological Institute in Sodankylä, Finland. The system is based on a Vector Network Analyzer (VNA)-operated scatterometer mounted on a rail allowing the formation of SAR images, including interferometric pairs separated by a temporal baseline. We present the description of the radar, the applied SAR focusing technique, the radar calibration and measurement stability analysis. Measured stability of the backscattering intensity over a three-month period was observed to be better than 0.5 dB, when measuring a target with a known radar cross section. Deviations of the estimated target range were in the order of a few cm over the same period, indicating also good stability of the measured phase. Interforometric SAR (InSAR) capabilities are also discussed, and as a example, the coherence of subsequent SAR acquisitions over the observed boreal forest stand are analyzed over increasing temporal baselines. The analysis shows good conservation of coherence in particular at L-band, while higher frequencies are susceptible to loss of coherence in particular for dense vegetation. The potential of the instrument for satellite calibration and validation activities is also discussed. Text Arctic Sodankylä MDPI Open Access Publishing Arctic Sodankylä ENVELOPE(26.600,26.600,67.417,67.417) Sensors 20 22 6702 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
MDPI Open Access Publishing |
op_collection_id |
ftmdpi |
language |
English |
topic |
SodSAR synthetic aperture radar InSAR boreal forest vector network analyzer scatterometer radiometric calibration temporal coherence |
spellingShingle |
SodSAR synthetic aperture radar InSAR boreal forest vector network analyzer scatterometer radiometric calibration temporal coherence Jorge Jorge Ruiz Risto Vehmas Juha Lemmetyinen Josu Uusitalo Janne Lahtinen Kari Lehtinen Anna Kontu Kimmo Rautiainen Riku Tarvainen Jouni Pulliainen Jaan Praks SodSAR: A Tower-Based 1–10 GHz SAR System for Snow, Soil and Vegetation Studies |
topic_facet |
SodSAR synthetic aperture radar InSAR boreal forest vector network analyzer scatterometer radiometric calibration temporal coherence |
description |
We introduce SodSAR, a fully polarimetric tower-based wide frequency (1–10 GHz) range Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) aimed at snow, soil and vegetation studies. The instrument is located in the Arctic Space Centre of the Finnish Meteorological Institute in Sodankylä, Finland. The system is based on a Vector Network Analyzer (VNA)-operated scatterometer mounted on a rail allowing the formation of SAR images, including interferometric pairs separated by a temporal baseline. We present the description of the radar, the applied SAR focusing technique, the radar calibration and measurement stability analysis. Measured stability of the backscattering intensity over a three-month period was observed to be better than 0.5 dB, when measuring a target with a known radar cross section. Deviations of the estimated target range were in the order of a few cm over the same period, indicating also good stability of the measured phase. Interforometric SAR (InSAR) capabilities are also discussed, and as a example, the coherence of subsequent SAR acquisitions over the observed boreal forest stand are analyzed over increasing temporal baselines. The analysis shows good conservation of coherence in particular at L-band, while higher frequencies are susceptible to loss of coherence in particular for dense vegetation. The potential of the instrument for satellite calibration and validation activities is also discussed. |
format |
Text |
author |
Jorge Jorge Ruiz Risto Vehmas Juha Lemmetyinen Josu Uusitalo Janne Lahtinen Kari Lehtinen Anna Kontu Kimmo Rautiainen Riku Tarvainen Jouni Pulliainen Jaan Praks |
author_facet |
Jorge Jorge Ruiz Risto Vehmas Juha Lemmetyinen Josu Uusitalo Janne Lahtinen Kari Lehtinen Anna Kontu Kimmo Rautiainen Riku Tarvainen Jouni Pulliainen Jaan Praks |
author_sort |
Jorge Jorge Ruiz |
title |
SodSAR: A Tower-Based 1–10 GHz SAR System for Snow, Soil and Vegetation Studies |
title_short |
SodSAR: A Tower-Based 1–10 GHz SAR System for Snow, Soil and Vegetation Studies |
title_full |
SodSAR: A Tower-Based 1–10 GHz SAR System for Snow, Soil and Vegetation Studies |
title_fullStr |
SodSAR: A Tower-Based 1–10 GHz SAR System for Snow, Soil and Vegetation Studies |
title_full_unstemmed |
SodSAR: A Tower-Based 1–10 GHz SAR System for Snow, Soil and Vegetation Studies |
title_sort |
sodsar: a tower-based 1–10 ghz sar system for snow, soil and vegetation studies |
publisher |
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/s20226702 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(26.600,26.600,67.417,67.417) |
geographic |
Arctic Sodankylä |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Sodankylä |
genre |
Arctic Sodankylä |
genre_facet |
Arctic Sodankylä |
op_source |
Sensors; Volume 20; Issue 22; Pages: 6702 |
op_relation |
Remote Sensors https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20226702 |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/s20226702 |
container_title |
Sensors |
container_volume |
20 |
container_issue |
22 |
container_start_page |
6702 |
_version_ |
1774715112824766464 |