North–South Differentiation of Black Flies in the Western Cordillera of North America: A New Species of Prosimulium (Diptera: Simuliidae)
Glaciation has been a powerful determiner of species distributions and the genetic structure of populations. Contemporary distributions of many organisms in North America’s Western Cordillera reflect the influence of Pleistocene glaciation. We identified a pattern of north–south differentiation in t...
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ftmdpi:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-2818/15/2/212/ 2023-08-20T04:07:16+02:00 North–South Differentiation of Black Flies in the Western Cordillera of North America: A New Species of Prosimulium (Diptera: Simuliidae) Peter H. Adler Will K. Reeves agris 2023-02-02 application/pdf https://doi.org/10.3390/d15020212 EN eng Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute Animal Diversity https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d15020212 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Diversity; Volume 15; Issue 2; Pages: 212 aquatic insects cytogenetics glaciation Pleistocene Rocky Mountains speciation Text 2023 ftmdpi https://doi.org/10.3390/d15020212 2023-08-01T08:36:28Z Glaciation has been a powerful determiner of species distributions and the genetic structure of populations. Contemporary distributions of many organisms in North America’s Western Cordillera reflect the influence of Pleistocene glaciation. We identified a pattern of north–south differentiation in the genus Prosimulium of western North America, which reflects the separation of northern and southern populations by the North American Ice Sheet during the Pleistocene Epoch. The taxonomic implication is that new species exist within nominal species, requiring formal description or revalidation of names currently in synonymy. We morphologically and cytogenetically examined populations of one nominal species of black fly, Prosimulium esselbaughi Sommerman, over its known range from Alaska south to California and Colorado. Chromosomal and morphological evidence supports the presence of two species, P. esselbaughi sensu stricto from Alaska to at least southern British Columbia, and a new species, Prosimulium supernum in the central Rocky Mountains and high Sierra Nevada range of the United States. The new species is described in all life stages above the egg, along with its polytene chromosomes. The existence of differentiated populations of other nominal species of black flies in northern and southern North America provides a system for investigating possible co-differentiation of vectors and parasites. Text Ice Sheet Alaska MDPI Open Access Publishing Diversity 15 2 212 |
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Open Polar |
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MDPI Open Access Publishing |
op_collection_id |
ftmdpi |
language |
English |
topic |
aquatic insects cytogenetics glaciation Pleistocene Rocky Mountains speciation |
spellingShingle |
aquatic insects cytogenetics glaciation Pleistocene Rocky Mountains speciation Peter H. Adler Will K. Reeves North–South Differentiation of Black Flies in the Western Cordillera of North America: A New Species of Prosimulium (Diptera: Simuliidae) |
topic_facet |
aquatic insects cytogenetics glaciation Pleistocene Rocky Mountains speciation |
description |
Glaciation has been a powerful determiner of species distributions and the genetic structure of populations. Contemporary distributions of many organisms in North America’s Western Cordillera reflect the influence of Pleistocene glaciation. We identified a pattern of north–south differentiation in the genus Prosimulium of western North America, which reflects the separation of northern and southern populations by the North American Ice Sheet during the Pleistocene Epoch. The taxonomic implication is that new species exist within nominal species, requiring formal description or revalidation of names currently in synonymy. We morphologically and cytogenetically examined populations of one nominal species of black fly, Prosimulium esselbaughi Sommerman, over its known range from Alaska south to California and Colorado. Chromosomal and morphological evidence supports the presence of two species, P. esselbaughi sensu stricto from Alaska to at least southern British Columbia, and a new species, Prosimulium supernum in the central Rocky Mountains and high Sierra Nevada range of the United States. The new species is described in all life stages above the egg, along with its polytene chromosomes. The existence of differentiated populations of other nominal species of black flies in northern and southern North America provides a system for investigating possible co-differentiation of vectors and parasites. |
format |
Text |
author |
Peter H. Adler Will K. Reeves |
author_facet |
Peter H. Adler Will K. Reeves |
author_sort |
Peter H. Adler |
title |
North–South Differentiation of Black Flies in the Western Cordillera of North America: A New Species of Prosimulium (Diptera: Simuliidae) |
title_short |
North–South Differentiation of Black Flies in the Western Cordillera of North America: A New Species of Prosimulium (Diptera: Simuliidae) |
title_full |
North–South Differentiation of Black Flies in the Western Cordillera of North America: A New Species of Prosimulium (Diptera: Simuliidae) |
title_fullStr |
North–South Differentiation of Black Flies in the Western Cordillera of North America: A New Species of Prosimulium (Diptera: Simuliidae) |
title_full_unstemmed |
North–South Differentiation of Black Flies in the Western Cordillera of North America: A New Species of Prosimulium (Diptera: Simuliidae) |
title_sort |
north–south differentiation of black flies in the western cordillera of north america: a new species of prosimulium (diptera: simuliidae) |
publisher |
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
publishDate |
2023 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/d15020212 |
op_coverage |
agris |
genre |
Ice Sheet Alaska |
genre_facet |
Ice Sheet Alaska |
op_source |
Diversity; Volume 15; Issue 2; Pages: 212 |
op_relation |
Animal Diversity https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d15020212 |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/d15020212 |
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Diversity |
container_volume |
15 |
container_issue |
2 |
container_start_page |
212 |
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1774718765696548864 |