Structural Identification of the Pacemaker Cells and Expression of Hyperpolarization-Activated Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated (HCN) Channels in the Heart of the Wild Atlantic Cod, Gadus morhua (Linnaeus, 1758)
Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels are proteins that contain highly conserved functional domains and sequence motifs that are correlated with their unique biophysical activities, to regulate cardiac pacemaker activity and synaptic transmission. These pacemaker protein...
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ftmdpi:oai:mdpi.com:/1422-0067/22/14/7539/ 2023-08-20T04:05:09+02:00 Structural Identification of the Pacemaker Cells and Expression of Hyperpolarization-Activated Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated (HCN) Channels in the Heart of the Wild Atlantic Cod, Gadus morhua (Linnaeus, 1758) Gioele Capillo Eugenia R. Lauriano Jose M. Icardo Prabhugouda Siriyappagouder Michal Kuciel Stelios Karapanagiotis Giacomo Zaccone Jorge M. O. Fernandes agris 2021-07-14 application/pdf https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22147539 EN eng Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute Biochemistry https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22147539 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ International Journal of Molecular Sciences; Volume 22; Issue 14; Pages: 7539 cardiac pacemaker hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels intracardiac neurons innervation Atlantic cod Text 2021 ftmdpi https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22147539 2023-08-01T02:11:12Z Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels are proteins that contain highly conserved functional domains and sequence motifs that are correlated with their unique biophysical activities, to regulate cardiac pacemaker activity and synaptic transmission. These pacemaker proteins have been studied in mammalian species, but little is known now about their heart distribution in lower vertebrates and c-AMP modulation. Here, we characterized the pacemaker system in the heart of the wild Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), with respect to primary pacemaker molecular markers. Special focus is given to the structural, ultrastructural and molecular characterization of the pacemaker domain, through the expression of HCN channel genes and the immunohistochemistry of HCN isoforms, including the location of intracardiac neurons that are adjacent to the sinoatrial region of the heart. Similarly to zebrafish and mammals, these neurons are immunoreactive to ChAT, VAChT and nNOS. It has been shown that cardiac pacemaking can be modulated by sympathetic and parasympathetic pathways, and the existence of intracardiac neurons projecting back to the central nervous system provide a plausible link between them. Text atlantic cod Gadus morhua MDPI Open Access Publishing International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22 14 7539 |
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MDPI Open Access Publishing |
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ftmdpi |
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English |
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cardiac pacemaker hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels intracardiac neurons innervation Atlantic cod |
spellingShingle |
cardiac pacemaker hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels intracardiac neurons innervation Atlantic cod Gioele Capillo Eugenia R. Lauriano Jose M. Icardo Prabhugouda Siriyappagouder Michal Kuciel Stelios Karapanagiotis Giacomo Zaccone Jorge M. O. Fernandes Structural Identification of the Pacemaker Cells and Expression of Hyperpolarization-Activated Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated (HCN) Channels in the Heart of the Wild Atlantic Cod, Gadus morhua (Linnaeus, 1758) |
topic_facet |
cardiac pacemaker hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels intracardiac neurons innervation Atlantic cod |
description |
Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels are proteins that contain highly conserved functional domains and sequence motifs that are correlated with their unique biophysical activities, to regulate cardiac pacemaker activity and synaptic transmission. These pacemaker proteins have been studied in mammalian species, but little is known now about their heart distribution in lower vertebrates and c-AMP modulation. Here, we characterized the pacemaker system in the heart of the wild Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), with respect to primary pacemaker molecular markers. Special focus is given to the structural, ultrastructural and molecular characterization of the pacemaker domain, through the expression of HCN channel genes and the immunohistochemistry of HCN isoforms, including the location of intracardiac neurons that are adjacent to the sinoatrial region of the heart. Similarly to zebrafish and mammals, these neurons are immunoreactive to ChAT, VAChT and nNOS. It has been shown that cardiac pacemaking can be modulated by sympathetic and parasympathetic pathways, and the existence of intracardiac neurons projecting back to the central nervous system provide a plausible link between them. |
format |
Text |
author |
Gioele Capillo Eugenia R. Lauriano Jose M. Icardo Prabhugouda Siriyappagouder Michal Kuciel Stelios Karapanagiotis Giacomo Zaccone Jorge M. O. Fernandes |
author_facet |
Gioele Capillo Eugenia R. Lauriano Jose M. Icardo Prabhugouda Siriyappagouder Michal Kuciel Stelios Karapanagiotis Giacomo Zaccone Jorge M. O. Fernandes |
author_sort |
Gioele Capillo |
title |
Structural Identification of the Pacemaker Cells and Expression of Hyperpolarization-Activated Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated (HCN) Channels in the Heart of the Wild Atlantic Cod, Gadus morhua (Linnaeus, 1758) |
title_short |
Structural Identification of the Pacemaker Cells and Expression of Hyperpolarization-Activated Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated (HCN) Channels in the Heart of the Wild Atlantic Cod, Gadus morhua (Linnaeus, 1758) |
title_full |
Structural Identification of the Pacemaker Cells and Expression of Hyperpolarization-Activated Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated (HCN) Channels in the Heart of the Wild Atlantic Cod, Gadus morhua (Linnaeus, 1758) |
title_fullStr |
Structural Identification of the Pacemaker Cells and Expression of Hyperpolarization-Activated Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated (HCN) Channels in the Heart of the Wild Atlantic Cod, Gadus morhua (Linnaeus, 1758) |
title_full_unstemmed |
Structural Identification of the Pacemaker Cells and Expression of Hyperpolarization-Activated Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated (HCN) Channels in the Heart of the Wild Atlantic Cod, Gadus morhua (Linnaeus, 1758) |
title_sort |
structural identification of the pacemaker cells and expression of hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (hcn) channels in the heart of the wild atlantic cod, gadus morhua (linnaeus, 1758) |
publisher |
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22147539 |
op_coverage |
agris |
genre |
atlantic cod Gadus morhua |
genre_facet |
atlantic cod Gadus morhua |
op_source |
International Journal of Molecular Sciences; Volume 22; Issue 14; Pages: 7539 |
op_relation |
Biochemistry https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22147539 |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22147539 |
container_title |
International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
container_volume |
22 |
container_issue |
14 |
container_start_page |
7539 |
_version_ |
1774715636610498560 |