Ecology of migrant shorebirds in New Zealand, focussing on Farewell Spit, north-west Nelson : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Masterate in Ecology at Massey University
Migratory shorebirds are a dynamic component of New Zealand's coastal fauna, alternating between distant breeding and non-breeding grounds. The Red Knot Calidris canutus, Bar-tailed Godwit Limosa lapponica and Pied Oystercatcher Haematopus ostralegus finschi were studied on Farewell Spit, North...
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ftmasseyuniv:oai:mro.massey.ac.nz:10179/6583 2023-05-15T15:03:41+02:00 Ecology of migrant shorebirds in New Zealand, focussing on Farewell Spit, north-west Nelson : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Masterate in Ecology at Massey University Battley, Phil F. (Philip Frank) 1996 http://hdl.handle.net/10179/6583 en eng Massey University http://hdl.handle.net/10179/6583 Q111965230 The Author New Zealand shorebirds Farewell Spit Ecology Bird migration Calidris alpina Godwits Pied oystercatcher Shorebirds Calidris canutus Limosa lapponica Haematopus ostralegus Thesis 1996 ftmasseyuniv 2022-08-09T17:12:29Z Migratory shorebirds are a dynamic component of New Zealand's coastal fauna, alternating between distant breeding and non-breeding grounds. The Red Knot Calidris canutus, Bar-tailed Godwit Limosa lapponica and Pied Oystercatcher Haematopus ostralegus finschi were studied on Farewell Spit, North-West Nelson. The first two species breed in the Arctic and migrate to New Zealand for the non-breeding season. Over the southern summer they experience low thermostatic costs and generally improving prey conditions over the summer. Oystercatchers are resident over autumn and winter, so experience rising costs and declining prey quality in some species. One bivalve species, Macomona liliana, shows seasonal depth changes in the sediment, and so is largely inaccessible even to a long-billed bird such as the oystercatcher. Despite this, oystercatchers feed for less time than is available, and achieve intake rates sufficient to cover estimated needs. The energy needs of the Arctic waders rise as they prepare to migrate, and they achieve at least part of this by increasing the duration of feeding. Knots during spring tides in the premigratory period feed for the entire low-water period. Godwits are apparently less stressed, underutilising nocturnal feeding opportunities over summer. They are thought to increase feeding time by using this night-time feeding. The high energy demands for migrating birds come from the need to deposit nutrients for migration, and knots around the Auckland region are estimated to increase in mass from 115 to 185 g prior to migration. Fat deposition is not the only physiological preparation, however, and a sample of knots shot from Northland (illegally, recovered by DoC) revealed complex interactions between organs. Large amounts of fat were deposited, mostly in a subcutaneous layer but also in the abdominal cavity. Muscle protein was also deposited in flight and heart muscles, presumably to prepare for the extreme effort involved in trans-oceanic flights. At the same time, digestive organs decreased ... Thesis Arctic Calidris alpina Calidris canutus Red Knot Massey University: Massey Research Online Arctic New Zealand |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Massey University: Massey Research Online |
op_collection_id |
ftmasseyuniv |
language |
English |
topic |
New Zealand shorebirds Farewell Spit Ecology Bird migration Calidris alpina Godwits Pied oystercatcher Shorebirds Calidris canutus Limosa lapponica Haematopus ostralegus |
spellingShingle |
New Zealand shorebirds Farewell Spit Ecology Bird migration Calidris alpina Godwits Pied oystercatcher Shorebirds Calidris canutus Limosa lapponica Haematopus ostralegus Battley, Phil F. (Philip Frank) Ecology of migrant shorebirds in New Zealand, focussing on Farewell Spit, north-west Nelson : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Masterate in Ecology at Massey University |
topic_facet |
New Zealand shorebirds Farewell Spit Ecology Bird migration Calidris alpina Godwits Pied oystercatcher Shorebirds Calidris canutus Limosa lapponica Haematopus ostralegus |
description |
Migratory shorebirds are a dynamic component of New Zealand's coastal fauna, alternating between distant breeding and non-breeding grounds. The Red Knot Calidris canutus, Bar-tailed Godwit Limosa lapponica and Pied Oystercatcher Haematopus ostralegus finschi were studied on Farewell Spit, North-West Nelson. The first two species breed in the Arctic and migrate to New Zealand for the non-breeding season. Over the southern summer they experience low thermostatic costs and generally improving prey conditions over the summer. Oystercatchers are resident over autumn and winter, so experience rising costs and declining prey quality in some species. One bivalve species, Macomona liliana, shows seasonal depth changes in the sediment, and so is largely inaccessible even to a long-billed bird such as the oystercatcher. Despite this, oystercatchers feed for less time than is available, and achieve intake rates sufficient to cover estimated needs. The energy needs of the Arctic waders rise as they prepare to migrate, and they achieve at least part of this by increasing the duration of feeding. Knots during spring tides in the premigratory period feed for the entire low-water period. Godwits are apparently less stressed, underutilising nocturnal feeding opportunities over summer. They are thought to increase feeding time by using this night-time feeding. The high energy demands for migrating birds come from the need to deposit nutrients for migration, and knots around the Auckland region are estimated to increase in mass from 115 to 185 g prior to migration. Fat deposition is not the only physiological preparation, however, and a sample of knots shot from Northland (illegally, recovered by DoC) revealed complex interactions between organs. Large amounts of fat were deposited, mostly in a subcutaneous layer but also in the abdominal cavity. Muscle protein was also deposited in flight and heart muscles, presumably to prepare for the extreme effort involved in trans-oceanic flights. At the same time, digestive organs decreased ... |
format |
Thesis |
author |
Battley, Phil F. (Philip Frank) |
author_facet |
Battley, Phil F. (Philip Frank) |
author_sort |
Battley, Phil F. (Philip Frank) |
title |
Ecology of migrant shorebirds in New Zealand, focussing on Farewell Spit, north-west Nelson : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Masterate in Ecology at Massey University |
title_short |
Ecology of migrant shorebirds in New Zealand, focussing on Farewell Spit, north-west Nelson : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Masterate in Ecology at Massey University |
title_full |
Ecology of migrant shorebirds in New Zealand, focussing on Farewell Spit, north-west Nelson : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Masterate in Ecology at Massey University |
title_fullStr |
Ecology of migrant shorebirds in New Zealand, focussing on Farewell Spit, north-west Nelson : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Masterate in Ecology at Massey University |
title_full_unstemmed |
Ecology of migrant shorebirds in New Zealand, focussing on Farewell Spit, north-west Nelson : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Masterate in Ecology at Massey University |
title_sort |
ecology of migrant shorebirds in new zealand, focussing on farewell spit, north-west nelson : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of masterate in ecology at massey university |
publisher |
Massey University |
publishDate |
1996 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10179/6583 |
geographic |
Arctic New Zealand |
geographic_facet |
Arctic New Zealand |
genre |
Arctic Calidris alpina Calidris canutus Red Knot |
genre_facet |
Arctic Calidris alpina Calidris canutus Red Knot |
op_relation |
http://hdl.handle.net/10179/6583 Q111965230 |
op_rights |
The Author |
_version_ |
1766335542741434368 |