Microsatellite evolution and population genetics of ancient and living Adélie penguins in Antarctica : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Biological Sciences at Massey University
Microsatellites are widely used as genetic markers for examining a variety of biological questions. Despite their widespread use, little is known about the processes by which they evolve. An accurate understanding of these processes is essential for their correct use as population genetic markers. I...
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ftmasseyuniv:oai:mro.massey.ac.nz:10179/10981 2023-05-15T13:31:19+02:00 Microsatellite evolution and population genetics of ancient and living Adélie penguins in Antarctica : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Biological Sciences at Massey University Shepherd, Lara Dawn 2001 http://hdl.handle.net/10179/10981 en eng Massey University http://hdl.handle.net/10179/10981 Q111965290 The Author Adélie penguin Molecular genetics Evolutionary genetics DNA Analysis Thesis 2001 ftmasseyuniv 2022-08-09T17:13:54Z Microsatellites are widely used as genetic markers for examining a variety of biological questions. Despite their widespread use, little is known about the processes by which they evolve. An accurate understanding of these processes is essential for their correct use as population genetic markers. In this study, microsatellite loci from both living and cryopreserved (AMS 14C dated at up to 6424 years BP ±80) Antarctic Adélie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae) were examined in order to gain insights into temporal population genetics and the evolution of microsatellite loci. Firstly, ancient DNA extracted from Adélie penguin subfossil bones was found to be extremely well-preserved and readily allowed the amplification of single-copy nuclear microsatellite DNA. Genotyping six microsatellite loci in ancient and living samples from three populations of Adélie penguins in the Terra Nova Bay region allowed a comparison of genetic change over time. Although the ancient sample sizes were limiting, several statistical tests indicated that the ancient and living populations from Inexpressible Island were genetically distinct. In addition, differentiation was also inferred between the three ancient populations that were examined, which is in contrast to the lack of differentiation found between the living populations. These genetic changes may be a result of population expansion out of ice-age refugia since the Last Glacial Maximum. To study microsatellite evolution over a substantial time period, up to 500 living and 100 cryopreserved Adélie penguins were genotyped at six microsatellite loci. No novel electromorph alleles were detected in the ancient samples. Numerous alleles were sequenced from four of these loci in both Adélie penguins and several other species of penguin (Spheniscidae). Analysis of these sequences provided an insight into the mutational processes occurring at these loci. In particular, these allele sequences revealed extensive size homoplasy, both within Adélie penguins and between penguin species. At one ... Thesis Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica Inexpressible Island Pygoscelis adeliae Massey University: Massey Research Online Antarctic Inexpressible Island ENVELOPE(163.650,163.650,-74.900,-74.900) Terra Nova Bay |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Massey University: Massey Research Online |
op_collection_id |
ftmasseyuniv |
language |
English |
topic |
Adélie penguin Molecular genetics Evolutionary genetics DNA Analysis |
spellingShingle |
Adélie penguin Molecular genetics Evolutionary genetics DNA Analysis Shepherd, Lara Dawn Microsatellite evolution and population genetics of ancient and living Adélie penguins in Antarctica : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Biological Sciences at Massey University |
topic_facet |
Adélie penguin Molecular genetics Evolutionary genetics DNA Analysis |
description |
Microsatellites are widely used as genetic markers for examining a variety of biological questions. Despite their widespread use, little is known about the processes by which they evolve. An accurate understanding of these processes is essential for their correct use as population genetic markers. In this study, microsatellite loci from both living and cryopreserved (AMS 14C dated at up to 6424 years BP ±80) Antarctic Adélie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae) were examined in order to gain insights into temporal population genetics and the evolution of microsatellite loci. Firstly, ancient DNA extracted from Adélie penguin subfossil bones was found to be extremely well-preserved and readily allowed the amplification of single-copy nuclear microsatellite DNA. Genotyping six microsatellite loci in ancient and living samples from three populations of Adélie penguins in the Terra Nova Bay region allowed a comparison of genetic change over time. Although the ancient sample sizes were limiting, several statistical tests indicated that the ancient and living populations from Inexpressible Island were genetically distinct. In addition, differentiation was also inferred between the three ancient populations that were examined, which is in contrast to the lack of differentiation found between the living populations. These genetic changes may be a result of population expansion out of ice-age refugia since the Last Glacial Maximum. To study microsatellite evolution over a substantial time period, up to 500 living and 100 cryopreserved Adélie penguins were genotyped at six microsatellite loci. No novel electromorph alleles were detected in the ancient samples. Numerous alleles were sequenced from four of these loci in both Adélie penguins and several other species of penguin (Spheniscidae). Analysis of these sequences provided an insight into the mutational processes occurring at these loci. In particular, these allele sequences revealed extensive size homoplasy, both within Adélie penguins and between penguin species. At one ... |
format |
Thesis |
author |
Shepherd, Lara Dawn |
author_facet |
Shepherd, Lara Dawn |
author_sort |
Shepherd, Lara Dawn |
title |
Microsatellite evolution and population genetics of ancient and living Adélie penguins in Antarctica : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Biological Sciences at Massey University |
title_short |
Microsatellite evolution and population genetics of ancient and living Adélie penguins in Antarctica : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Biological Sciences at Massey University |
title_full |
Microsatellite evolution and population genetics of ancient and living Adélie penguins in Antarctica : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Biological Sciences at Massey University |
title_fullStr |
Microsatellite evolution and population genetics of ancient and living Adélie penguins in Antarctica : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Biological Sciences at Massey University |
title_full_unstemmed |
Microsatellite evolution and population genetics of ancient and living Adélie penguins in Antarctica : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Biological Sciences at Massey University |
title_sort |
microsatellite evolution and population genetics of ancient and living adélie penguins in antarctica : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of master of science in biological sciences at massey university |
publisher |
Massey University |
publishDate |
2001 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10179/10981 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(163.650,163.650,-74.900,-74.900) |
geographic |
Antarctic Inexpressible Island Terra Nova Bay |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic Inexpressible Island Terra Nova Bay |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica Inexpressible Island Pygoscelis adeliae |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica Inexpressible Island Pygoscelis adeliae |
op_relation |
http://hdl.handle.net/10179/10981 Q111965290 |
op_rights |
The Author |
_version_ |
1766017479863173120 |