Diversity and distribution of tardigrades in soils of Edmonson Point (Northern Victoria Land, continental Antarctica)

• Main Authors: Smykla, Jerzy, Iakovenko, Nataliia, Devetter, Miloslav, Kaczmarek, Łukasz
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: Masaryk Univerzity 2012
• Subjects: Tardigrada; Metazoa; biodiversity; soil biota; soil properties; Antarctic soils; Antarctic; The Antarctic; Austral; Victoria Land; Guano; Edmonson Point; Water Bears; Acutuncus antarcticus; Antarc*; Antarctica; antarcticus; Tardigrade
• Online Access: http://journals.muni.cz/CPR/article/view/12815

This work contributes to the knowledge on distribution, diversity and ecology of the Antarctic soil biota. Different soil habitats from several ice-free coastal sites were sampled along the Victoria Land across 7° of latitude from 71° to 78°S during five austral summer seasons between 2003/04 and 2011/12. In this paper we report preliminary data on soil tardigrades (water bears) from Edmondson Point, Northern Victoria Land. Tardigrades were found to be present in 23 of the 41 examined soil samples (56%). Their presence was associated exclusively with soil samples collected from bryophytes communities and under cyanobacterial mats, whereas they were completely absent in fellfield and ornithogenic soils. Tardigrades were least numerous among all soil micrometazoans, their abundance in the positive samples was very variable and ranged from 3 to 1824 individuals per 100 g of soil DW. High water content seemed to be the major factor determining occurrence of tardigrades in the soils investigated. On the other hand low water content and toxic compounds from penguin guano seemed to act as a strong constraint on their existence in the Antarctic soils. Taxonomic evaluation of the extracted tardigrades revealed presence of only two species belonging to class Eutardigrada: Acutuncus antarcticus (Richters, 1904) and Milnesium antarcticum Tumanov, 2006. While A. antarcticus has already been reported previously as the most widespread and abundant tardigrade across the Victoria Land, the information on M. antarcticum is novel, both for Victoria Land and the continental Antarctica.