Temporal and spatial variability of phytoplankton fluxes in the Australian and New Zealand Sectors of the Southern Ocean

Phytoplankton are key to global carbon cycling, and critical to understanding a changing climate. Phytoplankton such as diatoms remove CO2 from the atmosphere via photosynthesis, of which one fifth is exported to the deep ocean in a process termed the “Biological Pump”. In opposition to the Biologic...

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Main Author: Jessica Verity Wilks
Format: Thesis
Language:unknown
Published: 2019
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.25949/19432514.v1
https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/Temporal_and_spatial_variability_of_phytoplankton_fluxes_in_the_Australian_and_New_Zealand_Sectors_of_the_Southern_Ocean/19432514
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spelling ftmacquariefig:oai:figshare.com:article/19432514 2023-05-15T13:41:11+02:00 Temporal and spatial variability of phytoplankton fluxes in the Australian and New Zealand Sectors of the Southern Ocean Jessica Verity Wilks 2019-04-28T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.25949/19432514.v1 https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/Temporal_and_spatial_variability_of_phytoplankton_fluxes_in_the_Australian_and_New_Zealand_Sectors_of_the_Southern_Ocean/19432514 unknown doi:10.25949/19432514.v1 https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/Temporal_and_spatial_variability_of_phytoplankton_fluxes_in_the_Australian_and_New_Zealand_Sectors_of_the_Southern_Ocean/19432514 In Copyright Other education not elsewhere classified phytoplankton Southern Ocean diatom coccolithophore oceanography Phytoplankton -- Antarctic Ocean -- Ecology sediment trap Text Thesis 2019 ftmacquariefig https://doi.org/10.25949/19432514.v1 2022-12-28T08:41:43Z Phytoplankton are key to global carbon cycling, and critical to understanding a changing climate. Phytoplankton such as diatoms remove CO2 from the atmosphere via photosynthesis, of which one fifth is exported to the deep ocean in a process termed the “Biological Pump”. In opposition to the Biological Pump, the “Carbonate Counter-Pump” releases CO2, driven by calcifying phytoplankton such as coccolithophores. Thus carbon export depends upon phytoplankton community composition, quantified with sediment traps, which preserve a time series of sinking particles. Sediment trap deployments are patchy in the Subantarctic and Subtropics and little work has been done quantifying the phytoplankton. This thesis quantified assemblages and flux of diatoms and coccolithophores from Australian and New Zealand deployments, were not previously well characterized, and discusses their role in export. Subantarctic Australian traps captured among the highest coccolith fluxes of the southern hemisphere, while diatoms were the main silica-exporters. Species-level phytoplankton seasonal ecological succession was also reported for the first time in the Australian region. Scanning Electron Microscopy culminated in a taxonomic study describing the poorly-known diatom genus Shionodiscus, improving our understanding of key Australian taxa. In Subantarctic New Zealand, a 48-day “pulse” bloom of Pseudo-nitzschia diatoms comprised 98%of annual diatom flux. New Zealand Subtropical traps exhibited strong coastal and benthic phytoplankton input, providing evidence for significant particle advection as a result of local oceanography, the Wairarapa Eddy system. Finally, diatom and coccolith fluxes from 46 sediment trap deployments were mapped from the Subtropics to Antarctica, revealing a broad trend of increasing diatom flux from 30° S to the coast of Antarctica, which will potentially inform future trapping efforts. Records of phytoplankton seasonality and abundance are key to understanding the physical and chemical drivers of regional ... Thesis Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Ocean Antarctica Southern Ocean Research from Macquarie University Antarctic Southern Ocean New Zealand Antarctic Ocean
institution Open Polar
collection Research from Macquarie University
op_collection_id ftmacquariefig
language unknown
topic Other education not elsewhere classified
phytoplankton
Southern Ocean
diatom
coccolithophore
oceanography
Phytoplankton -- Antarctic Ocean -- Ecology
sediment trap
spellingShingle Other education not elsewhere classified
phytoplankton
Southern Ocean
diatom
coccolithophore
oceanography
Phytoplankton -- Antarctic Ocean -- Ecology
sediment trap
Jessica Verity Wilks
Temporal and spatial variability of phytoplankton fluxes in the Australian and New Zealand Sectors of the Southern Ocean
topic_facet Other education not elsewhere classified
phytoplankton
Southern Ocean
diatom
coccolithophore
oceanography
Phytoplankton -- Antarctic Ocean -- Ecology
sediment trap
description Phytoplankton are key to global carbon cycling, and critical to understanding a changing climate. Phytoplankton such as diatoms remove CO2 from the atmosphere via photosynthesis, of which one fifth is exported to the deep ocean in a process termed the “Biological Pump”. In opposition to the Biological Pump, the “Carbonate Counter-Pump” releases CO2, driven by calcifying phytoplankton such as coccolithophores. Thus carbon export depends upon phytoplankton community composition, quantified with sediment traps, which preserve a time series of sinking particles. Sediment trap deployments are patchy in the Subantarctic and Subtropics and little work has been done quantifying the phytoplankton. This thesis quantified assemblages and flux of diatoms and coccolithophores from Australian and New Zealand deployments, were not previously well characterized, and discusses their role in export. Subantarctic Australian traps captured among the highest coccolith fluxes of the southern hemisphere, while diatoms were the main silica-exporters. Species-level phytoplankton seasonal ecological succession was also reported for the first time in the Australian region. Scanning Electron Microscopy culminated in a taxonomic study describing the poorly-known diatom genus Shionodiscus, improving our understanding of key Australian taxa. In Subantarctic New Zealand, a 48-day “pulse” bloom of Pseudo-nitzschia diatoms comprised 98%of annual diatom flux. New Zealand Subtropical traps exhibited strong coastal and benthic phytoplankton input, providing evidence for significant particle advection as a result of local oceanography, the Wairarapa Eddy system. Finally, diatom and coccolith fluxes from 46 sediment trap deployments were mapped from the Subtropics to Antarctica, revealing a broad trend of increasing diatom flux from 30° S to the coast of Antarctica, which will potentially inform future trapping efforts. Records of phytoplankton seasonality and abundance are key to understanding the physical and chemical drivers of regional ...
format Thesis
author Jessica Verity Wilks
author_facet Jessica Verity Wilks
author_sort Jessica Verity Wilks
title Temporal and spatial variability of phytoplankton fluxes in the Australian and New Zealand Sectors of the Southern Ocean
title_short Temporal and spatial variability of phytoplankton fluxes in the Australian and New Zealand Sectors of the Southern Ocean
title_full Temporal and spatial variability of phytoplankton fluxes in the Australian and New Zealand Sectors of the Southern Ocean
title_fullStr Temporal and spatial variability of phytoplankton fluxes in the Australian and New Zealand Sectors of the Southern Ocean
title_full_unstemmed Temporal and spatial variability of phytoplankton fluxes in the Australian and New Zealand Sectors of the Southern Ocean
title_sort temporal and spatial variability of phytoplankton fluxes in the australian and new zealand sectors of the southern ocean
publishDate 2019
url https://doi.org/10.25949/19432514.v1
https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/Temporal_and_spatial_variability_of_phytoplankton_fluxes_in_the_Australian_and_New_Zealand_Sectors_of_the_Southern_Ocean/19432514
geographic Antarctic
Southern Ocean
New Zealand
Antarctic Ocean
geographic_facet Antarctic
Southern Ocean
New Zealand
Antarctic Ocean
genre Antarc*
Antarctic
Antarctic Ocean
Antarctica
Southern Ocean
genre_facet Antarc*
Antarctic
Antarctic Ocean
Antarctica
Southern Ocean
op_relation doi:10.25949/19432514.v1
https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/Temporal_and_spatial_variability_of_phytoplankton_fluxes_in_the_Australian_and_New_Zealand_Sectors_of_the_Southern_Ocean/19432514
op_rights In Copyright
op_doi https://doi.org/10.25949/19432514.v1
_version_ 1766146553804750848