Antarctic microfungi as a potential bioresource

• Main Author: John Ronald Bradner
• Format: Thesis
• Language: unknown
• Published: 2009
• Subjects: Other education not elsewhere classified; Microfungi > Antarctica > Physiology; Filamentous fungi > Antarctica; ITS sequences; bioresource; cold adapted enzymes; filamentous fungi; xylanase; flow cytometry; Antarctic microfungi; hydrolytic enzymes; oxidative stress; Microfungi > Antarctica; mannanase; Microfungi; lipase; fungal identification; gene expression; cryoprotectant; compatible solutes; Antarctic; The Antarctic; Ross Sea; Windmill Islands; Casey Station; Antarc*; Antarctica
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.25949/19427594.v1; https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/Antarctic_microfungi_as_a_potential_bioresource/19427594

The Antarctic occupies that region of the planet that falls below the 60th parallel of South latitude. Although it has been frequented by adventurers, journeyman scientists and tourists for the past 100 years, the Continent has remained virtually unoccupied. The intense cold, the absence of human occupation and the limited range of local higher animal species have combined to create the impression that the Continent is virtually devoid of life. -- Although the microbiota of the Antarctic has attracted some small level of attention in the past, the examination of filamentous microfungi has been largely overlooked and fallen to a small group of dedicated investigators. In this study it will be shown that far from being an insignificant component of the Antarctic network, microfungi represent a potentially large and so far untapped bioresource. -- From just 11 bryophyte samples collected at four sites in the Ross Sea/Dry Valleys region of Southern Antarctica, some 30 microfungal isolates were recovered. Using molecular techniques, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) was sequenced to reveal no less than nine unique microfungal species. For only two of these species did the ITS sequence data produce a 100% match with records held on the public databases. This investigation also highlighted the problems inherent in the traditional morphological identification system which are now being perpetuated in the molecular database records. -- A set of seven notionally identified isolates obtained from ornithogenic soil samples gathered in the Windmill Islands in Eastern Antarctica (offshore from the Australian Antarctic Division's Casey Station) were also subjected to molecular identification based on ITS sequence data. Each of the seven isolates was identified as a unique species; six were cosmopolitan in nature and the one remaining bore very little resemblance at the molecular level to any of the recorded species although it was provided with an epithet commonly used in the ...