Evaluating the Use of Alternative Normalization Approaches on SARS-CoV-2 Concentrations in Wastewater: Experiences from Two Catchments in Northern Sweden
The detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA fragments in feces has paved the way for wastewater-based epidemiology to contribute to COVID-19 mitigation measures, with its use in a public health context still under development. As a way to facilitate data comparison, this paper explores the impact of using alter...
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Luleå tekniska universitet, Arkitektur och vatten
2022
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ftluleatu:oai:DiVA.org:ltu-90161 2024-04-21T08:08:38+00:00 Evaluating the Use of Alternative Normalization Approaches on SARS-CoV-2 Concentrations in Wastewater: Experiences from Two Catchments in Northern Sweden Isaksson, Frida Lundy, Lian Hedström, Annelie Székely, Anna J. Mohamed, Nahla 2022 application/pdf http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-90161 https://doi.org/10.3390/environments9030039 eng eng LuleÃ¥ tekniska universitet, Arkitektur och vatten Department of Aquatic Science and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Science, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden Environments, 2022, 9:3, orcid:0000-0003-1155-4132 orcid:0000-0001-9541-3542 orcid:0000-0001-8063-7156 http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-90161 doi:10.3390/environments9030039 ISI:000775530900001 Scopus 2-s2.0-85127671856 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess wastewater-based epidemiology normalization population estimates pepper mild mottle virus clinical cases infiltration inflow Infectious Medicine Infektionsmedicin Environmental Sciences Miljövetenskap Water Treatment Vattenbehandling Article in journal info:eu-repo/semantics/article text 2022 ftluleatu https://doi.org/10.3390/environments9030039 2024-03-27T15:05:55Z The detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA fragments in feces has paved the way for wastewater-based epidemiology to contribute to COVID-19 mitigation measures, with its use in a public health context still under development. As a way to facilitate data comparison, this paper explores the impact of using alternative normalization approaches (wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) flow, population size estimates (derived using total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and census data) and pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV)) on the relationship between viral wastewater data and clinical case numbers. Influent wastewater samples were collected at two WWTPs in LuleÃ¥, northern Sweden, between January and March 2021. TN and TP were determined upon sample collection, with RNA analysis undertaken on samples after one freeze–thaw cycle. The strength of the correlation between normalization approaches and clinical cases differed between WWTPs (r ≤ 0.73 or r ≥ 0.78 at the larger WWTP and r ≤ 0.23 or r ≥ 0.43 at the smaller WWTP), indicating that the use of wastewater as an epidemiological tool is context-dependent. Depending on the normalization approach utilized, time-shifted analyses imply that wastewater data on SARS-CoV-2 RNA pre-dated a rise in clinical cases by 0–2 and 5–8 days, for the lager and smaller WWTPs, respectively. SARS-CoV-2 viral loads normalized to the population or PMMoV better reflect the number of clinical cases when comparing wastewater data between sewer catchments. Validerad;2022;NivÃ¥ 2;2022-04-12 (joosat); Part of special issue: Wastewater-Based Epidemiology for Infectious Disease Surveillance; Article in Journal/Newspaper Northern Sweden Luleå University of Technology Publications (DiVA) Environments 9 3 39 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Luleå University of Technology Publications (DiVA) |
op_collection_id |
ftluleatu |
language |
English |
topic |
wastewater-based epidemiology normalization population estimates pepper mild mottle virus clinical cases infiltration inflow Infectious Medicine Infektionsmedicin Environmental Sciences Miljövetenskap Water Treatment Vattenbehandling |
spellingShingle |
wastewater-based epidemiology normalization population estimates pepper mild mottle virus clinical cases infiltration inflow Infectious Medicine Infektionsmedicin Environmental Sciences Miljövetenskap Water Treatment Vattenbehandling Isaksson, Frida Lundy, Lian Hedström, Annelie Székely, Anna J. Mohamed, Nahla Evaluating the Use of Alternative Normalization Approaches on SARS-CoV-2 Concentrations in Wastewater: Experiences from Two Catchments in Northern Sweden |
topic_facet |
wastewater-based epidemiology normalization population estimates pepper mild mottle virus clinical cases infiltration inflow Infectious Medicine Infektionsmedicin Environmental Sciences Miljövetenskap Water Treatment Vattenbehandling |
description |
The detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA fragments in feces has paved the way for wastewater-based epidemiology to contribute to COVID-19 mitigation measures, with its use in a public health context still under development. As a way to facilitate data comparison, this paper explores the impact of using alternative normalization approaches (wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) flow, population size estimates (derived using total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and census data) and pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV)) on the relationship between viral wastewater data and clinical case numbers. Influent wastewater samples were collected at two WWTPs in Luleå, northern Sweden, between January and March 2021. TN and TP were determined upon sample collection, with RNA analysis undertaken on samples after one freeze–thaw cycle. The strength of the correlation between normalization approaches and clinical cases differed between WWTPs (r ≤ 0.73 or r ≥ 0.78 at the larger WWTP and r ≤ 0.23 or r ≥ 0.43 at the smaller WWTP), indicating that the use of wastewater as an epidemiological tool is context-dependent. Depending on the normalization approach utilized, time-shifted analyses imply that wastewater data on SARS-CoV-2 RNA pre-dated a rise in clinical cases by 0–2 and 5–8 days, for the lager and smaller WWTPs, respectively. SARS-CoV-2 viral loads normalized to the population or PMMoV better reflect the number of clinical cases when comparing wastewater data between sewer catchments. Validerad;2022;Nivå 2;2022-04-12 (joosat); Part of special issue: Wastewater-Based Epidemiology for Infectious Disease Surveillance; |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Isaksson, Frida Lundy, Lian Hedström, Annelie Székely, Anna J. Mohamed, Nahla |
author_facet |
Isaksson, Frida Lundy, Lian Hedström, Annelie Székely, Anna J. Mohamed, Nahla |
author_sort |
Isaksson, Frida |
title |
Evaluating the Use of Alternative Normalization Approaches on SARS-CoV-2 Concentrations in Wastewater: Experiences from Two Catchments in Northern Sweden |
title_short |
Evaluating the Use of Alternative Normalization Approaches on SARS-CoV-2 Concentrations in Wastewater: Experiences from Two Catchments in Northern Sweden |
title_full |
Evaluating the Use of Alternative Normalization Approaches on SARS-CoV-2 Concentrations in Wastewater: Experiences from Two Catchments in Northern Sweden |
title_fullStr |
Evaluating the Use of Alternative Normalization Approaches on SARS-CoV-2 Concentrations in Wastewater: Experiences from Two Catchments in Northern Sweden |
title_full_unstemmed |
Evaluating the Use of Alternative Normalization Approaches on SARS-CoV-2 Concentrations in Wastewater: Experiences from Two Catchments in Northern Sweden |
title_sort |
evaluating the use of alternative normalization approaches on sars-cov-2 concentrations in wastewater: experiences from two catchments in northern sweden |
publisher |
Luleå tekniska universitet, Arkitektur och vatten |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-90161 https://doi.org/10.3390/environments9030039 |
genre |
Northern Sweden |
genre_facet |
Northern Sweden |
op_relation |
Environments, 2022, 9:3, orcid:0000-0003-1155-4132 orcid:0000-0001-9541-3542 orcid:0000-0001-8063-7156 http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-90161 doi:10.3390/environments9030039 ISI:000775530900001 Scopus 2-s2.0-85127671856 |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/environments9030039 |
container_title |
Environments |
container_volume |
9 |
container_issue |
3 |
container_start_page |
39 |
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1796949017988431872 |