On the evolution of concepts of causal and preventive interdependence in epidemiology in the late 20th century.
The 1970s and 1980s saw the appearance of many papers on the topics of synergy, antagonism, and similar concepts of causal interactions and interdependence of effects, with a special emphasis on distinguishing these concepts from that of statistical interaction - the need for a product term in a mod...
Published in: | European Journal of Epidemiology |
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Online Access: | https://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/id/eprint/4670799/ https://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/id/eprint/4670799/3/Pearce-Greenland-2022-On-the-evolution-of-concepts.pdf https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-022-00931-z |
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ftlshtm:oai:researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk:4670799 2024-06-23T07:53:21+00:00 On the evolution of concepts of causal and preventive interdependence in epidemiology in the late 20th century. Pearce, Neil Greenland, Sander 2022-11-12 text https://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/id/eprint/4670799/ https://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/id/eprint/4670799/3/Pearce-Greenland-2022-On-the-evolution-of-concepts.pdf https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-022-00931-z en eng Springer https://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/id/eprint/4670799/3/Pearce-Greenland-2022-On-the-evolution-of-concepts.pdf Pearce, Neil <https://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/view/creators/emsunpea.html>; Greenland, Sander; (2022) On the evolution of concepts of causal and preventive interdependence in epidemiology in the late 20th century. European journal of epidemiology, 37 (11). pp. 1149-1154. ISSN 0393-2990 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-022-00931-z <https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-022-00931-z> cr_publishers Article NonPeerReviewed 2022 ftlshtm https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-022-00931-z 2024-06-04T14:24:55Z The 1970s and 1980s saw the appearance of many papers on the topics of synergy, antagonism, and similar concepts of causal interactions and interdependence of effects, with a special emphasis on distinguishing these concepts from that of statistical interaction - the need for a product term in a model. As an example, Miettinen defined "synergism" as "the existence of instances in which both risk factors are needed for the effect", whereas "antagonism" is where "at least one [factor] can block the solo effect of the other". In response, Greenland and Poole constructed a systematic analysis of 16 possible individual response patterns in a deterministic causal model for two binary exposure variables, and showed how these patterns can be mapped onto nine types of sufficient causes, which in turn can be simplified into four intuitive categories. Although these and other papers recognized that epidemiology cannot directly study biological mechanisms underlying interaction, they showed how it can usefully study causal and preventive interdependence - which, despite its mechanistic agnosticism, has important implications for clinical decision making as well as for public health. Article in Journal/Newspaper Greenland London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine: LSHTM Research Online Greenland European Journal of Epidemiology 37 11 1149 1154 |
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London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine: LSHTM Research Online |
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English |
description |
The 1970s and 1980s saw the appearance of many papers on the topics of synergy, antagonism, and similar concepts of causal interactions and interdependence of effects, with a special emphasis on distinguishing these concepts from that of statistical interaction - the need for a product term in a model. As an example, Miettinen defined "synergism" as "the existence of instances in which both risk factors are needed for the effect", whereas "antagonism" is where "at least one [factor] can block the solo effect of the other". In response, Greenland and Poole constructed a systematic analysis of 16 possible individual response patterns in a deterministic causal model for two binary exposure variables, and showed how these patterns can be mapped onto nine types of sufficient causes, which in turn can be simplified into four intuitive categories. Although these and other papers recognized that epidemiology cannot directly study biological mechanisms underlying interaction, they showed how it can usefully study causal and preventive interdependence - which, despite its mechanistic agnosticism, has important implications for clinical decision making as well as for public health. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Pearce, Neil Greenland, Sander |
spellingShingle |
Pearce, Neil Greenland, Sander On the evolution of concepts of causal and preventive interdependence in epidemiology in the late 20th century. |
author_facet |
Pearce, Neil Greenland, Sander |
author_sort |
Pearce, Neil |
title |
On the evolution of concepts of causal and preventive interdependence in epidemiology in the late 20th century. |
title_short |
On the evolution of concepts of causal and preventive interdependence in epidemiology in the late 20th century. |
title_full |
On the evolution of concepts of causal and preventive interdependence in epidemiology in the late 20th century. |
title_fullStr |
On the evolution of concepts of causal and preventive interdependence in epidemiology in the late 20th century. |
title_full_unstemmed |
On the evolution of concepts of causal and preventive interdependence in epidemiology in the late 20th century. |
title_sort |
on the evolution of concepts of causal and preventive interdependence in epidemiology in the late 20th century. |
publisher |
Springer |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/id/eprint/4670799/ https://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/id/eprint/4670799/3/Pearce-Greenland-2022-On-the-evolution-of-concepts.pdf https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-022-00931-z |
geographic |
Greenland |
geographic_facet |
Greenland |
genre |
Greenland |
genre_facet |
Greenland |
op_relation |
https://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/id/eprint/4670799/3/Pearce-Greenland-2022-On-the-evolution-of-concepts.pdf Pearce, Neil <https://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/view/creators/emsunpea.html>; Greenland, Sander; (2022) On the evolution of concepts of causal and preventive interdependence in epidemiology in the late 20th century. European journal of epidemiology, 37 (11). pp. 1149-1154. ISSN 0393-2990 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-022-00931-z <https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-022-00931-z> |
op_rights |
cr_publishers |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-022-00931-z |
container_title |
European Journal of Epidemiology |
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37 |
container_issue |
11 |
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1149 |
op_container_end_page |
1154 |
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1802644949955510272 |