Subsidence and growth of Pacific Cretaceous plateaus
The Ontong Java, Manihiki, and Shatsky oceanic plateaus are among the Earth's largest igneous provinces and are commonly believed to have erupted rapidly during the surfacing of giant heads of initiating mantle plumes. We investigate this hypothesis by using sediment descriptions of Deep Sea Dr...
Published in: | Earth and Planetary Science Letters |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , |
Format: | Text |
Language: | unknown |
Published: |
LSU Digital Commons
1998
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/geo_pubs/537 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(98)00139-3 |
id |
ftlouisianastuir:oai:digitalcommons.lsu.edu:geo_pubs-1536 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftlouisianastuir:oai:digitalcommons.lsu.edu:geo_pubs-1536 2023-06-11T04:13:13+02:00 Subsidence and growth of Pacific Cretaceous plateaus Ito, Garrett Clift, Peter D. 1998-01-01T08:00:00Z https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/geo_pubs/537 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(98)00139-3 unknown LSU Digital Commons https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/geo_pubs/537 doi:10.1016/S0012-821X(98)00139-3 Faculty Publications Cretaceous East Pacific Ocean Islands Flood basalt Hot spot Mantle plumes Pacific Ocean Subsidence Underplating West Pacific Ocean Islands text 1998 ftlouisianastuir https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(98)00139-3 2023-05-28T18:16:53Z The Ontong Java, Manihiki, and Shatsky oceanic plateaus are among the Earth's largest igneous provinces and are commonly believed to have erupted rapidly during the surfacing of giant heads of initiating mantle plumes. We investigate this hypothesis by using sediment descriptions of Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) and Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) drill cores to constrain plateau subsidence histories which reflect mantle thermal and crustal accretionary processes. We find that total plateau subsidence is comparable to that expected of normal seafloor but less than predictions of thermal models of hotspot-affected lithosphere. If crustal emplacement was rapid, then uncertainties in paleo-water depths allow for the anomalous subsidence predicted for plumes with only moderate temperature anomalies and volumes, comparable to the sources of modern-day hotspots such as Hawaii and Iceland. Rapid emplacement over a plume head of high temperature and volume, however, is difficult to reconcile with the subsidence reconstructions. An alternative possibility that reconciles low subsidence over a high-temperature, high-volume plume source is a scenario in which plateau subsidence is the superposition of (1) subsidence due to the cooling of the plume source, and (2) uplift due to prolonged crustal growth in the form of magmatic underplating. This prolonged crustal growth and uplift scenario may explain the low and thus submarine relief during plume initiation, the late stage eruptions found on Ontong Java (90 Ma) and Manihiki (~70 Ma), a large portion of the high-seismic-velocity lower crust, and the widespread normal faults observed throughout and along the margins of the three plateaus. Such late stage underplating may have occurred continuously or in discrete stages over ~30 m.y. and implies lower magmatic fluxes than previously estimated. Text Iceland LSU Digital Commons (Louisiana State University) Pacific Earth and Planetary Science Letters 161 1-4 85 100 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
LSU Digital Commons (Louisiana State University) |
op_collection_id |
ftlouisianastuir |
language |
unknown |
topic |
Cretaceous East Pacific Ocean Islands Flood basalt Hot spot Mantle plumes Pacific Ocean Subsidence Underplating West Pacific Ocean Islands |
spellingShingle |
Cretaceous East Pacific Ocean Islands Flood basalt Hot spot Mantle plumes Pacific Ocean Subsidence Underplating West Pacific Ocean Islands Ito, Garrett Clift, Peter D. Subsidence and growth of Pacific Cretaceous plateaus |
topic_facet |
Cretaceous East Pacific Ocean Islands Flood basalt Hot spot Mantle plumes Pacific Ocean Subsidence Underplating West Pacific Ocean Islands |
description |
The Ontong Java, Manihiki, and Shatsky oceanic plateaus are among the Earth's largest igneous provinces and are commonly believed to have erupted rapidly during the surfacing of giant heads of initiating mantle plumes. We investigate this hypothesis by using sediment descriptions of Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) and Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) drill cores to constrain plateau subsidence histories which reflect mantle thermal and crustal accretionary processes. We find that total plateau subsidence is comparable to that expected of normal seafloor but less than predictions of thermal models of hotspot-affected lithosphere. If crustal emplacement was rapid, then uncertainties in paleo-water depths allow for the anomalous subsidence predicted for plumes with only moderate temperature anomalies and volumes, comparable to the sources of modern-day hotspots such as Hawaii and Iceland. Rapid emplacement over a plume head of high temperature and volume, however, is difficult to reconcile with the subsidence reconstructions. An alternative possibility that reconciles low subsidence over a high-temperature, high-volume plume source is a scenario in which plateau subsidence is the superposition of (1) subsidence due to the cooling of the plume source, and (2) uplift due to prolonged crustal growth in the form of magmatic underplating. This prolonged crustal growth and uplift scenario may explain the low and thus submarine relief during plume initiation, the late stage eruptions found on Ontong Java (90 Ma) and Manihiki (~70 Ma), a large portion of the high-seismic-velocity lower crust, and the widespread normal faults observed throughout and along the margins of the three plateaus. Such late stage underplating may have occurred continuously or in discrete stages over ~30 m.y. and implies lower magmatic fluxes than previously estimated. |
format |
Text |
author |
Ito, Garrett Clift, Peter D. |
author_facet |
Ito, Garrett Clift, Peter D. |
author_sort |
Ito, Garrett |
title |
Subsidence and growth of Pacific Cretaceous plateaus |
title_short |
Subsidence and growth of Pacific Cretaceous plateaus |
title_full |
Subsidence and growth of Pacific Cretaceous plateaus |
title_fullStr |
Subsidence and growth of Pacific Cretaceous plateaus |
title_full_unstemmed |
Subsidence and growth of Pacific Cretaceous plateaus |
title_sort |
subsidence and growth of pacific cretaceous plateaus |
publisher |
LSU Digital Commons |
publishDate |
1998 |
url |
https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/geo_pubs/537 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(98)00139-3 |
geographic |
Pacific |
geographic_facet |
Pacific |
genre |
Iceland |
genre_facet |
Iceland |
op_source |
Faculty Publications |
op_relation |
https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/geo_pubs/537 doi:10.1016/S0012-821X(98)00139-3 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(98)00139-3 |
container_title |
Earth and Planetary Science Letters |
container_volume |
161 |
container_issue |
1-4 |
container_start_page |
85 |
op_container_end_page |
100 |
_version_ |
1768389975745757184 |