Adaptation of Drosophila melanogaster to Long Photoperiods of High-Latitude Summers Is Facilitated by the ls-Timeless Allele
Circadian clocks help animals to be active at the optimal time of the day whereby for most species the daily light-dark cycle is the most important zeitgeber for their circadian clock. In this respect, long arctic summer days are particularly challenging as light is present almost 24 h per day, and...
Published in: | Journal of Biological Rhythms |
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2022
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Online Access: | http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/16524/ https://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/16524/1/Deppisch_et_al_2022.pdf https://doi.org/10.1177/07487304221082448 |
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ftliverpooljmu:oai:researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk:16524 2023-05-15T15:15:24+02:00 Adaptation of Drosophila melanogaster to Long Photoperiods of High-Latitude Summers Is Facilitated by the ls-Timeless Allele Deppisch, P Prutscher, JM Pegoraro, M Tauber, E Wegener, C Helfrich-Förster, C 2022-03-18 text http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/16524/ https://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/16524/1/Deppisch_et_al_2022.pdf https://doi.org/10.1177/07487304221082448 en eng SAGE Publications https://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/16524/1/Deppisch_et_al_2022.pdf Deppisch, P, Prutscher, JM, Pegoraro, M, Tauber, E, Wegener, C and Helfrich-Förster, C (2022) Adaptation of Drosophila melanogaster to Long Photoperiods of High-Latitude Summers Is Facilitated by the ls-Timeless Allele. Journal of Biological Rhythms. ISSN 0748-7304 doi:10.1177/07487304221082448 cc_by CC-BY GE Environmental Sciences QH301 Biology Article PeerReviewed 2022 ftliverpooljmu https://doi.org/10.1177/07487304221082448 2022-03-24T23:25:53Z Circadian clocks help animals to be active at the optimal time of the day whereby for most species the daily light-dark cycle is the most important zeitgeber for their circadian clock. In this respect, long arctic summer days are particularly challenging as light is present almost 24 h per day, and continuous light makes the circadian clocks of many animals arrhythmic. This is especially true for the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, which possesses a very light-sensitive clock. The blue-light photoreceptor Cryptochrome (CRY) and the clock protein Timeless (TIM) are the light-sensitive components of the circadian clock and are responsible for constant light-induced arrhythmicity even at very low light intensities. Nevertheless, D. melanogaster was able to spread from its tropical origin and invade northern latitudes. Here, we tested whether a natural polymorphism at the timeless ( tim) locus, s-tim and ls-tim, helped adaptation to very long photoperiods. The recently evolved natural allele, ls-tim, encodes a longer, less light sensitive form of TIM (L-TIM) in addition to the shorter (S-TIM) form, the only form encoded by the ancient s-tim allele. ls-tim has evolved in southeastern Italy and slowly spreads to higher latitudes. L-TIM is known to interact less efficiently with CRY as compared with S-TIM. Here, we studied the locomotor activity patterns of ~40 wild s-tim and ls-tim isofemale lines caught at different latitudes under simulated high-latitude summer light conditions (continuous light or long photoperiods with 20-h daily light). We found that the ls-tim lines were significantly more rhythmic under continuous light than the s-tim lines. Importantly, the ls-tim lines can delay their evening activity under long photoperiods, a behavioral adaptation that appears to be optimal under high-latitude conditions. Our observations suggest that the functional gain associated with ls-tim may drive the northern spread of this allele by directional selection. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Liverpool John Moores University: LJMU Research Online Arctic Journal of Biological Rhythms 37 2 185 201 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Liverpool John Moores University: LJMU Research Online |
op_collection_id |
ftliverpooljmu |
language |
English |
topic |
GE Environmental Sciences QH301 Biology |
spellingShingle |
GE Environmental Sciences QH301 Biology Deppisch, P Prutscher, JM Pegoraro, M Tauber, E Wegener, C Helfrich-Förster, C Adaptation of Drosophila melanogaster to Long Photoperiods of High-Latitude Summers Is Facilitated by the ls-Timeless Allele |
topic_facet |
GE Environmental Sciences QH301 Biology |
description |
Circadian clocks help animals to be active at the optimal time of the day whereby for most species the daily light-dark cycle is the most important zeitgeber for their circadian clock. In this respect, long arctic summer days are particularly challenging as light is present almost 24 h per day, and continuous light makes the circadian clocks of many animals arrhythmic. This is especially true for the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, which possesses a very light-sensitive clock. The blue-light photoreceptor Cryptochrome (CRY) and the clock protein Timeless (TIM) are the light-sensitive components of the circadian clock and are responsible for constant light-induced arrhythmicity even at very low light intensities. Nevertheless, D. melanogaster was able to spread from its tropical origin and invade northern latitudes. Here, we tested whether a natural polymorphism at the timeless ( tim) locus, s-tim and ls-tim, helped adaptation to very long photoperiods. The recently evolved natural allele, ls-tim, encodes a longer, less light sensitive form of TIM (L-TIM) in addition to the shorter (S-TIM) form, the only form encoded by the ancient s-tim allele. ls-tim has evolved in southeastern Italy and slowly spreads to higher latitudes. L-TIM is known to interact less efficiently with CRY as compared with S-TIM. Here, we studied the locomotor activity patterns of ~40 wild s-tim and ls-tim isofemale lines caught at different latitudes under simulated high-latitude summer light conditions (continuous light or long photoperiods with 20-h daily light). We found that the ls-tim lines were significantly more rhythmic under continuous light than the s-tim lines. Importantly, the ls-tim lines can delay their evening activity under long photoperiods, a behavioral adaptation that appears to be optimal under high-latitude conditions. Our observations suggest that the functional gain associated with ls-tim may drive the northern spread of this allele by directional selection. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Deppisch, P Prutscher, JM Pegoraro, M Tauber, E Wegener, C Helfrich-Förster, C |
author_facet |
Deppisch, P Prutscher, JM Pegoraro, M Tauber, E Wegener, C Helfrich-Förster, C |
author_sort |
Deppisch, P |
title |
Adaptation of Drosophila melanogaster to Long Photoperiods of High-Latitude Summers Is Facilitated by the ls-Timeless Allele |
title_short |
Adaptation of Drosophila melanogaster to Long Photoperiods of High-Latitude Summers Is Facilitated by the ls-Timeless Allele |
title_full |
Adaptation of Drosophila melanogaster to Long Photoperiods of High-Latitude Summers Is Facilitated by the ls-Timeless Allele |
title_fullStr |
Adaptation of Drosophila melanogaster to Long Photoperiods of High-Latitude Summers Is Facilitated by the ls-Timeless Allele |
title_full_unstemmed |
Adaptation of Drosophila melanogaster to Long Photoperiods of High-Latitude Summers Is Facilitated by the ls-Timeless Allele |
title_sort |
adaptation of drosophila melanogaster to long photoperiods of high-latitude summers is facilitated by the ls-timeless allele |
publisher |
SAGE Publications |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/16524/ https://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/16524/1/Deppisch_et_al_2022.pdf https://doi.org/10.1177/07487304221082448 |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_relation |
https://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/16524/1/Deppisch_et_al_2022.pdf Deppisch, P, Prutscher, JM, Pegoraro, M, Tauber, E, Wegener, C and Helfrich-Förster, C (2022) Adaptation of Drosophila melanogaster to Long Photoperiods of High-Latitude Summers Is Facilitated by the ls-Timeless Allele. Journal of Biological Rhythms. ISSN 0748-7304 doi:10.1177/07487304221082448 |
op_rights |
cc_by |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1177/07487304221082448 |
container_title |
Journal of Biological Rhythms |
container_volume |
37 |
container_issue |
2 |
container_start_page |
185 |
op_container_end_page |
201 |
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1766345760614383616 |