Gražutės regioninio parko dendroflora, vyraujantys medynai ir jų išteklių gamtosauginiai aspektai

• Main Author: Leleckienė, Jūratė
• Other Authors: Smaliukas, Domas
• Format: Master Thesis
• Language: Lithuanian; English
• Published: Institutional Repository of Lithuanian University of Educational Sciences 2009
• Subjects: dendroflora; Grazute; regional park; woods; Betula nana
• Online Access: http://leu.oai.elaba.lt/documents/1755670.pdf; http://leu.lvb.lt/LEU:ELABAETD1755670&prefLang=en_US

Gražutė Regional Park is located in the northeast of Lithuania in the territories of Zarasai and Ignalina municipalities. The area of the regional park according to the revised borders (calculated using digital technologies) makes 29 471 ha. The aim of this thesis is to examine the botanical diversity of spontaneous dendroflora of Gražutė Regional Park, design the systematic spectrum of the species, present their chorologic evaluation, identify the prevailing woods and assess their condition, describe the rare species and trees that have been declared as the monuments of nature, make an overview of foundation forest seats and Natura 2000 territories, genetic and seminal reserves, standard woods, introduce to cognitive walkways. The research allowed finding out that Gražutė Regional Park hosts 70 species of spontaneous woody plants out of 94 known in Lithuania (Navasaitis and others, 2003) what makes 74 percent of all the species of spontaneous dendroflora growing in Lithuania. Out of them, there are 4 species of Pinophyta division belonging to 4 genuses and 3 families (6 percent of all the spontaneous species growing in the park), among others there are species of Magnoliophyta division belonging to 36 genuses and 20 families. After the chorologic spectrum analysis of the species of spontaneous woody plants growing in the park has been carried out, it has been found out in the areal terms that boreotemperate species are prevailing (31), in regional terms – European species are prevailing (24), in oceanic terms – Euroceanic species (28) dominate. According to biogoecenotic point of view the forests are divided into the complexes of four types, where pinewoods in Gražutė Regional Park cover 8841,3 ha (55,0%) of the woody area, forests – 4268,3 ha (26,5%), pine wetland forests - 1003,4 ha (6,2%), wetland forests (1645, 8 ha (10,2%) and drained forests and specific seats cover 327,5 ha (2,1%) of the whole territory of the park woods. According to the groups of maturity, half-life woods are prevailing and cover the area of 8054,7 ha (50,1%). Maturing woods cover 2923,1 ha (18,2%), the matured – 2829,8 ha (17,6%), young woods – 2278,7 ha (14,1%). There are no over matured woods in Gražutė Regional Park. The evaluation of the woods following bonitets, has indicated that the woods of the II bonitet are prevailing and cover the area of 8258,4 ha (51,3%). The woods of IA bonitet cover 558,2 ha (3,5%), of the I bonitet – 3457,3 ha (21,5%), the III bonitet – 3030,6 ha (18,8%), the IV bonitet – 459 ha (2,9%), the V – 228,4 ha (1,4%), VA - 0,6 ha (0,6%). There are 16 foundation forest seats distinguished in the Regional Park which cover 35,544 ha and 31 potential foundation forest seat covering 61,205 ha. The prevailing type is pine woods and mixed woods with pines – 30 seats covering 58,95 ha. The whole territory of Gražutė Regional Park belongs to the network of EU protected areas Natura 2000. There are 56 genetic and seminal reserves covering 222,6 ha (1,38% of the total area of woods) in the territory of the park. There are 7 standard woods distinguished within the park: the Scots Pine prevailing in 6 of them, and Silver Birch dominating in 1 of them. There are 3 kinds of spontaneously wooded plants in the park included into the Red Book or the List of extinct, endangered and threatened animals of Lithuania: Betula nana L., Betula humilis Schrank and Salix lapponum L. Five of the trees growing in the territory of the park are declared as the monuments of nature – accreted spruces, Pakerniškiai Black Alder, Salakas Pine, Balčiai Birch and Gulbinė Limes. There are three cognitive walkways in the territory of the park – Degučiai, Šavaša and “Ąžuolas”.