20 Years of Air-Water Gas Exchange Observations for Pesticides in the Western Arctic Ocean
The Arctic has been contaminated by legacy organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and currently used pesticides (CUPs) through atmospheric transport and oceanic currents. Here we report the time trends and air−water exchange of OCPs and CUPs from research expeditions conducted between 1993 and 2013. Compo...
Published in: | Environmental Science & Technology |
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Language: | English |
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Linköpings universitet, Tema Miljöförändring
2015
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Online Access: | http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-122986 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b01303 |
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ftlinkoepinguniv:oai:DiVA.org:liu-122986 2023-05-15T14:56:43+02:00 20 Years of Air-Water Gas Exchange Observations for Pesticides in the Western Arctic Ocean Jantunen, Liisa Wong, Fiona Gawor, Anya Kylin, Henrik Helm, Paul Stern, Gary Strachan, William Burniston, Deborah Bidleman, Terry 2015 application/pdf http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-122986 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b01303 eng eng Linköpings universitet, Tema Miljöförändring Linköpings universitet, Filosofiska fakulteten Environment Canada, Canada Stockholm University Environment Canada Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Canada University of Manitoba, Canada Umeå University Environmental Science and Technology, 0013-936X, 2015, 49:23, s. 13844-13852 http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-122986 doi:10.1021/acs.est.5b01303 PMID 26196214 ISI:000365930500015 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Organochlorine pesticides currently used pesticides long-range transport global processes Oceanography Hydrology and Water Resources Oceanografi hydrologi och vattenresurser Water Engineering Vattenteknik Article in journal info:eu-repo/semantics/article text 2015 ftlinkoepinguniv https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b01303 2022-05-01T08:19:04Z The Arctic has been contaminated by legacy organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and currently used pesticides (CUPs) through atmospheric transport and oceanic currents. Here we report the time trends and air−water exchange of OCPs and CUPs from research expeditions conducted between 1993 and 2013. Compounds determined in both air and water were trans- and cis-chlordanes (TC, CC), trans- and cis-nonachlors (TN, CN), heptachlor exo-epoxide (HEPX), dieldrin (DIEL), chlorobornanes (ΣCHBs and toxaphene), dacthal (DAC), endosulfans and metabolite endosulfan sulfate (ENDO-I, ENDO-II, and ENDO SUL), chlorothalonil (CHT), chlorpyrifos (CPF), and trifluralin (TFN). Pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB and quintozene) and its soil metabolite pentachlorothianisole (PCTA) were also found in air. Concentrations of most OCPs declined in surface water, whereas some CUPs increased (ENDO-I, CHT, and TFN) or showed no significant change (CPF and DAC), and most compounds declined in air. Chlordane compound fractions TC/(TC + CC) and TC/(TC + CC + TN) decreased in water and air, while CC/(TC + CC + TN) increased. TN/(TC + CC + TN) also increased in air and slightly, but not significantly, in water. These changes suggest selective removal of more labile TC and/or a shift in chlordane sources. Water−air fugacity ratios indicated net volatilization (FR > 1.0) or near equilibrium (FR not significantly different from 1.0) for most OCPs but net deposition (FR < 1.0) for ΣCHBs. Net deposition was shown for ENDO-I on all expeditions, while the net exchange direction of other CUPs varied. Understanding the processes and current state of air−surface exchange helps to interpret environmental exposure and evaluate the effectiveness of international protocols and provides insights for the environmental fate of new and emerging chemicals. Funding agencies: Environment Canada; Arctic Net; Northern Contaminants Program (Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada); Centre for Global Science, University of Toronto; Northern Science Training Program, Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada; Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Arctic Ocean LIU - Linköping University: Publications (DiVA) Arctic Arctic Ocean Canada Environmental Science & Technology 49 23 13844 13852 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
LIU - Linköping University: Publications (DiVA) |
op_collection_id |
ftlinkoepinguniv |
language |
English |
topic |
Organochlorine pesticides currently used pesticides long-range transport global processes Oceanography Hydrology and Water Resources Oceanografi hydrologi och vattenresurser Water Engineering Vattenteknik |
spellingShingle |
Organochlorine pesticides currently used pesticides long-range transport global processes Oceanography Hydrology and Water Resources Oceanografi hydrologi och vattenresurser Water Engineering Vattenteknik Jantunen, Liisa Wong, Fiona Gawor, Anya Kylin, Henrik Helm, Paul Stern, Gary Strachan, William Burniston, Deborah Bidleman, Terry 20 Years of Air-Water Gas Exchange Observations for Pesticides in the Western Arctic Ocean |
topic_facet |
Organochlorine pesticides currently used pesticides long-range transport global processes Oceanography Hydrology and Water Resources Oceanografi hydrologi och vattenresurser Water Engineering Vattenteknik |
description |
The Arctic has been contaminated by legacy organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and currently used pesticides (CUPs) through atmospheric transport and oceanic currents. Here we report the time trends and air−water exchange of OCPs and CUPs from research expeditions conducted between 1993 and 2013. Compounds determined in both air and water were trans- and cis-chlordanes (TC, CC), trans- and cis-nonachlors (TN, CN), heptachlor exo-epoxide (HEPX), dieldrin (DIEL), chlorobornanes (ΣCHBs and toxaphene), dacthal (DAC), endosulfans and metabolite endosulfan sulfate (ENDO-I, ENDO-II, and ENDO SUL), chlorothalonil (CHT), chlorpyrifos (CPF), and trifluralin (TFN). Pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB and quintozene) and its soil metabolite pentachlorothianisole (PCTA) were also found in air. Concentrations of most OCPs declined in surface water, whereas some CUPs increased (ENDO-I, CHT, and TFN) or showed no significant change (CPF and DAC), and most compounds declined in air. Chlordane compound fractions TC/(TC + CC) and TC/(TC + CC + TN) decreased in water and air, while CC/(TC + CC + TN) increased. TN/(TC + CC + TN) also increased in air and slightly, but not significantly, in water. These changes suggest selective removal of more labile TC and/or a shift in chlordane sources. Water−air fugacity ratios indicated net volatilization (FR > 1.0) or near equilibrium (FR not significantly different from 1.0) for most OCPs but net deposition (FR < 1.0) for ΣCHBs. Net deposition was shown for ENDO-I on all expeditions, while the net exchange direction of other CUPs varied. Understanding the processes and current state of air−surface exchange helps to interpret environmental exposure and evaluate the effectiveness of international protocols and provides insights for the environmental fate of new and emerging chemicals. Funding agencies: Environment Canada; Arctic Net; Northern Contaminants Program (Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada); Centre for Global Science, University of Toronto; Northern Science Training Program, Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada; |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Jantunen, Liisa Wong, Fiona Gawor, Anya Kylin, Henrik Helm, Paul Stern, Gary Strachan, William Burniston, Deborah Bidleman, Terry |
author_facet |
Jantunen, Liisa Wong, Fiona Gawor, Anya Kylin, Henrik Helm, Paul Stern, Gary Strachan, William Burniston, Deborah Bidleman, Terry |
author_sort |
Jantunen, Liisa |
title |
20 Years of Air-Water Gas Exchange Observations for Pesticides in the Western Arctic Ocean |
title_short |
20 Years of Air-Water Gas Exchange Observations for Pesticides in the Western Arctic Ocean |
title_full |
20 Years of Air-Water Gas Exchange Observations for Pesticides in the Western Arctic Ocean |
title_fullStr |
20 Years of Air-Water Gas Exchange Observations for Pesticides in the Western Arctic Ocean |
title_full_unstemmed |
20 Years of Air-Water Gas Exchange Observations for Pesticides in the Western Arctic Ocean |
title_sort |
20 years of air-water gas exchange observations for pesticides in the western arctic ocean |
publisher |
Linköpings universitet, Tema Miljöförändring |
publishDate |
2015 |
url |
http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-122986 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b01303 |
geographic |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Canada |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Canada |
genre |
Arctic Arctic Ocean |
genre_facet |
Arctic Arctic Ocean |
op_relation |
Environmental Science and Technology, 0013-936X, 2015, 49:23, s. 13844-13852 http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-122986 doi:10.1021/acs.est.5b01303 PMID 26196214 ISI:000365930500015 |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b01303 |
container_title |
Environmental Science & Technology |
container_volume |
49 |
container_issue |
23 |
container_start_page |
13844 |
op_container_end_page |
13852 |
_version_ |
1766328792170627072 |