Evidence of prehistoric wind erosion of the Mackenzie Basin, South Island, New Zealand: an assessment based on ¹³⁷Cs and Kawakawa-Oruanui tephra
Many authors have reported significant soil erosion resulting from the grazing of sheep, rabbit plagues and invasion of the exotic Hawkweed (Hieracium sp.) in the sub humid alpine region of Mackenzie Basin, South Island, New Zealand. In the present study, we investigated the soil redistribution of f...
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Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/10182/7870 https://doi.org/10.1071/SR13312 |
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ftlincolnuniv:oai:researcharchive.lincoln.ac.nz:10182/7870 2024-06-09T07:47:36+00:00 Evidence of prehistoric wind erosion of the Mackenzie Basin, South Island, New Zealand: an assessment based on ¹³⁷Cs and Kawakawa-Oruanui tephra Leckie, H. D. Almond, Peter C. 2014-09-08 56-66 https://hdl.handle.net/10182/7870 https://doi.org/10.1071/SR13312 en eng CSIRO Publishing The original publication is available from - CSIRO Publishing - https://doi.org/10.1071/SR13312 - http://www.publish.csiro.au/sr/SR13312 Soil Research https://doi.org/10.1071/SR13312 Leckie, H.D., & Almond, P.C. (2015). Evidence of prehistoric wind erosion of the Mackenzie Basin, South Island, New Zealand: an assessment based on ¹³⁷Cs and Kawakawa-Oruanui tephra. Soil Research, 53(1), 56-66. doi 10.1071/SR13312 doi:10.1071/SR13312 1838-6768 1838-675X https://hdl.handle.net/10182/7870 © CSIRO 2015 caesium-137 Hieracium soil conservation soil redistribution tussock grasslands vegetation change Agronomy & Agriculture ANZSRC::0503 Soil Sciences ANZSRC::050302 Land Capability and Soil Degradation Journal Article 2014 ftlincolnuniv https://doi.org/10.1071/SR13312 2024-05-15T08:16:10Z Many authors have reported significant soil erosion resulting from the grazing of sheep, rabbit plagues and invasion of the exotic Hawkweed (Hieracium sp.) in the sub humid alpine region of Mackenzie Basin, South Island, New Zealand. In the present study, we investigated the soil redistribution of four study plots with varying vegetation depletion over historic (54 years) and long (25ka) time scales. Historic soil loss, quantified by bomb fallout ¹³⁷Cs, under plots of depleted short tussock and herbfield vegetation was no more than the adjacent undisturbed reference plot of red tussock (Chionochloa rubra). This indicates the present landscape characterised by soil and vegetation degradation is not due to erosion since 1953. There is no evidence from the present study to suggest that establishment and rapid invasion of Hieracium sp. and major periodic rabbit plagues have accelerated soil erosion over the past 54 years. By contrast, low topsoil thickness under Hieracium sp. indicates that Hieracium sp. is colonising bare ground and may have, at least in the short-term, a stabilising effect. Long-term soil loss was quantified by the profile distribution of volcanic glass originating from Kawakawa-Oruanui tephra (KOT). The peak concentration, and hence the tephra's 25.4ka isochron, occurred at a depth of 70-85cm at the reference plot. The degraded plots showed significant decreases in glass concentration and depth to peak concentration with progressively shallower soils and vegetation depletion. This equated to a minimum erosion rate averaged over the past ∼25.4 k years of 0.020mm year⁻¹ in the most eroded plot. The extent of bare ground and topsoil thickness were poor indicators of soil erosion status. The tephra results show a potentially long history of soil erosion that has predisposed soil and vegetation degradation within the European era. Article in Journal/Newspaper Mackenzie Basin Lincoln University (New Zealand): Lincoln U Research Archive New Zealand Soil Research 53 1 56 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Lincoln University (New Zealand): Lincoln U Research Archive |
op_collection_id |
ftlincolnuniv |
language |
English |
topic |
caesium-137 Hieracium soil conservation soil redistribution tussock grasslands vegetation change Agronomy & Agriculture ANZSRC::0503 Soil Sciences ANZSRC::050302 Land Capability and Soil Degradation |
spellingShingle |
caesium-137 Hieracium soil conservation soil redistribution tussock grasslands vegetation change Agronomy & Agriculture ANZSRC::0503 Soil Sciences ANZSRC::050302 Land Capability and Soil Degradation Leckie, H. D. Almond, Peter C. Evidence of prehistoric wind erosion of the Mackenzie Basin, South Island, New Zealand: an assessment based on ¹³⁷Cs and Kawakawa-Oruanui tephra |
topic_facet |
caesium-137 Hieracium soil conservation soil redistribution tussock grasslands vegetation change Agronomy & Agriculture ANZSRC::0503 Soil Sciences ANZSRC::050302 Land Capability and Soil Degradation |
description |
Many authors have reported significant soil erosion resulting from the grazing of sheep, rabbit plagues and invasion of the exotic Hawkweed (Hieracium sp.) in the sub humid alpine region of Mackenzie Basin, South Island, New Zealand. In the present study, we investigated the soil redistribution of four study plots with varying vegetation depletion over historic (54 years) and long (25ka) time scales. Historic soil loss, quantified by bomb fallout ¹³⁷Cs, under plots of depleted short tussock and herbfield vegetation was no more than the adjacent undisturbed reference plot of red tussock (Chionochloa rubra). This indicates the present landscape characterised by soil and vegetation degradation is not due to erosion since 1953. There is no evidence from the present study to suggest that establishment and rapid invasion of Hieracium sp. and major periodic rabbit plagues have accelerated soil erosion over the past 54 years. By contrast, low topsoil thickness under Hieracium sp. indicates that Hieracium sp. is colonising bare ground and may have, at least in the short-term, a stabilising effect. Long-term soil loss was quantified by the profile distribution of volcanic glass originating from Kawakawa-Oruanui tephra (KOT). The peak concentration, and hence the tephra's 25.4ka isochron, occurred at a depth of 70-85cm at the reference plot. The degraded plots showed significant decreases in glass concentration and depth to peak concentration with progressively shallower soils and vegetation depletion. This equated to a minimum erosion rate averaged over the past ∼25.4 k years of 0.020mm year⁻¹ in the most eroded plot. The extent of bare ground and topsoil thickness were poor indicators of soil erosion status. The tephra results show a potentially long history of soil erosion that has predisposed soil and vegetation degradation within the European era. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Leckie, H. D. Almond, Peter C. |
author_facet |
Leckie, H. D. Almond, Peter C. |
author_sort |
Leckie, H. D. |
title |
Evidence of prehistoric wind erosion of the Mackenzie Basin, South Island, New Zealand: an assessment based on ¹³⁷Cs and Kawakawa-Oruanui tephra |
title_short |
Evidence of prehistoric wind erosion of the Mackenzie Basin, South Island, New Zealand: an assessment based on ¹³⁷Cs and Kawakawa-Oruanui tephra |
title_full |
Evidence of prehistoric wind erosion of the Mackenzie Basin, South Island, New Zealand: an assessment based on ¹³⁷Cs and Kawakawa-Oruanui tephra |
title_fullStr |
Evidence of prehistoric wind erosion of the Mackenzie Basin, South Island, New Zealand: an assessment based on ¹³⁷Cs and Kawakawa-Oruanui tephra |
title_full_unstemmed |
Evidence of prehistoric wind erosion of the Mackenzie Basin, South Island, New Zealand: an assessment based on ¹³⁷Cs and Kawakawa-Oruanui tephra |
title_sort |
evidence of prehistoric wind erosion of the mackenzie basin, south island, new zealand: an assessment based on ¹³⁷cs and kawakawa-oruanui tephra |
publisher |
CSIRO Publishing |
publishDate |
2014 |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/10182/7870 https://doi.org/10.1071/SR13312 |
geographic |
New Zealand |
geographic_facet |
New Zealand |
genre |
Mackenzie Basin |
genre_facet |
Mackenzie Basin |
op_relation |
The original publication is available from - CSIRO Publishing - https://doi.org/10.1071/SR13312 - http://www.publish.csiro.au/sr/SR13312 Soil Research https://doi.org/10.1071/SR13312 Leckie, H.D., & Almond, P.C. (2015). Evidence of prehistoric wind erosion of the Mackenzie Basin, South Island, New Zealand: an assessment based on ¹³⁷Cs and Kawakawa-Oruanui tephra. Soil Research, 53(1), 56-66. doi 10.1071/SR13312 doi:10.1071/SR13312 1838-6768 1838-675X https://hdl.handle.net/10182/7870 |
op_rights |
© CSIRO 2015 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1071/SR13312 |
container_title |
Soil Research |
container_volume |
53 |
container_issue |
1 |
container_start_page |
56 |
_version_ |
1801378836729823232 |