Introduction: A Global History of Convicts and Penal Colonies
[First paragraph] In 1415, the Portuguese Empire used convicts as part of an expeditionary force sent to conquer the Moroccan presidio (fort) of Ceuta in North Africa. This marked the first known use of condemned criminals by a European power in an expansionary imperial project. Numerous other globa...
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| Format: | Book Part |
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2018
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| Online Access: | https://figshare.com/articles/chapter/Introduction_A_Global_History_of_Convicts_and_Penal_Colonies/10206932 |