Long-term lidar observations of polar stratospheric clouds at Esrange in northern Sweden
Polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) play a key role in the depletion of polar ozone. The type of cloud and the length of time for which it exists are crucial for the amount of chlorine activation during the polar night. The Bonn University backscatter lidar at Esrange in northern Sweden (68◦N, 21◦E) i...
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ftleibnizopen:oai:oai.leibnizopen.de:fe9p6YoBg80Wlv1892o_ 2023-10-29T02:38:58+01:00 Long-term lidar observations of polar stratospheric clouds at Esrange in northern Sweden Blum, U. Fricke, K.H. Müller, K.P. Siebert, J. Baumgarten, G. 2005 application/pdf https://doi.org/10.34657/1082 https://oa.tib.eu/renate/handle/123456789/924 eng eng Milton Park : Taylor & Francis CC BY 4.0 Unported https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology, Volume 57, Issue 5, Page 412-422 atmospheric wave lidar ozone depletion polar stratospheric cloud 550 article Text 2005 ftleibnizopen https://doi.org/10.34657/1082 2023-10-01T23:11:12Z Polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) play a key role in the depletion of polar ozone. The type of cloud and the length of time for which it exists are crucial for the amount of chlorine activation during the polar night. The Bonn University backscatter lidar at Esrange in northern Sweden (68◦N, 21◦E) is well equipped for long-term observation and classification of these clouds. Nearly continuous measurements through several winters are rare, in particular in wave-active regions like Esrange. Lidar measurements have been performed each winter since 1997—a total of more than 2000 h of observation time has been accumulated, including more than 300 h with PSCs. Analysis of this unique data set leads to a classification scheme with four different scattering characteristics which can be associated with four different cloud types: (1) supercooled ternary solution (STS), (2) nitric acid trihydrate (NAT), (3) ice and (4) mixtures of solid and liquid particles. The analysis of observations over seven winters gives an overview of the frequency of appearance of the individual PSC types. Most of the clouds contain layers of different PSC types. The analysis of these layers shows STS and mixed clouds to occur most frequently, with more than 39% and 37% of all PSC observations, respectively, whereas NAT (15%) and ice clouds (9%) are seen only rarely. The lidar is located close to the Scandinavian mountain ridge, which is a major source of orographically induced gravity waves that can rapidly cool the atmosphere below cloud formation temperatures. Comparing the individual existence temperature of the observed cloud type with the synoptic-scale temperature provided by the European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) gives information on the frequency of synoptically and wave-induced PSCs. Further, the analysis of ECMWF temperature and wind data gives an estimate of the transparency of the atmosphere to stationary gravity waves. During more than 80% of all PSC observations in synoptic-scale temperatures which were too ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Northern Sweden polar night LeibnizOpen (The Leibniz Association) |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
LeibnizOpen (The Leibniz Association) |
op_collection_id |
ftleibnizopen |
language |
English |
topic |
atmospheric wave lidar ozone depletion polar stratospheric cloud 550 |
spellingShingle |
atmospheric wave lidar ozone depletion polar stratospheric cloud 550 Blum, U. Fricke, K.H. Müller, K.P. Siebert, J. Baumgarten, G. Long-term lidar observations of polar stratospheric clouds at Esrange in northern Sweden |
topic_facet |
atmospheric wave lidar ozone depletion polar stratospheric cloud 550 |
description |
Polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) play a key role in the depletion of polar ozone. The type of cloud and the length of time for which it exists are crucial for the amount of chlorine activation during the polar night. The Bonn University backscatter lidar at Esrange in northern Sweden (68◦N, 21◦E) is well equipped for long-term observation and classification of these clouds. Nearly continuous measurements through several winters are rare, in particular in wave-active regions like Esrange. Lidar measurements have been performed each winter since 1997—a total of more than 2000 h of observation time has been accumulated, including more than 300 h with PSCs. Analysis of this unique data set leads to a classification scheme with four different scattering characteristics which can be associated with four different cloud types: (1) supercooled ternary solution (STS), (2) nitric acid trihydrate (NAT), (3) ice and (4) mixtures of solid and liquid particles. The analysis of observations over seven winters gives an overview of the frequency of appearance of the individual PSC types. Most of the clouds contain layers of different PSC types. The analysis of these layers shows STS and mixed clouds to occur most frequently, with more than 39% and 37% of all PSC observations, respectively, whereas NAT (15%) and ice clouds (9%) are seen only rarely. The lidar is located close to the Scandinavian mountain ridge, which is a major source of orographically induced gravity waves that can rapidly cool the atmosphere below cloud formation temperatures. Comparing the individual existence temperature of the observed cloud type with the synoptic-scale temperature provided by the European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) gives information on the frequency of synoptically and wave-induced PSCs. Further, the analysis of ECMWF temperature and wind data gives an estimate of the transparency of the atmosphere to stationary gravity waves. During more than 80% of all PSC observations in synoptic-scale temperatures which were too ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Blum, U. Fricke, K.H. Müller, K.P. Siebert, J. Baumgarten, G. |
author_facet |
Blum, U. Fricke, K.H. Müller, K.P. Siebert, J. Baumgarten, G. |
author_sort |
Blum, U. |
title |
Long-term lidar observations of polar stratospheric clouds at Esrange in northern Sweden |
title_short |
Long-term lidar observations of polar stratospheric clouds at Esrange in northern Sweden |
title_full |
Long-term lidar observations of polar stratospheric clouds at Esrange in northern Sweden |
title_fullStr |
Long-term lidar observations of polar stratospheric clouds at Esrange in northern Sweden |
title_full_unstemmed |
Long-term lidar observations of polar stratospheric clouds at Esrange in northern Sweden |
title_sort |
long-term lidar observations of polar stratospheric clouds at esrange in northern sweden |
publisher |
Milton Park : Taylor & Francis |
publishDate |
2005 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.34657/1082 https://oa.tib.eu/renate/handle/123456789/924 |
genre |
Northern Sweden polar night |
genre_facet |
Northern Sweden polar night |
op_source |
Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology, Volume 57, Issue 5, Page 412-422 |
op_rights |
CC BY 4.0 Unported https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.34657/1082 |
_version_ |
1781065466017480704 |