Novel Divergent Polar Bear-Associated Mastadenovirus Recovered from a Deceased Juvenile Polar Bear
Polar bears in captivity can be exposed to opportunistic pathogens not present in their natural environments. A 4-month-old polar bear (Ursus maritimus) living in an isolated enclosure with his mother in the Tierpark Berlin, Berlin, Germany, was suffering from severe abdominal pain, mild diarrhea, a...
Published in: | mSphere |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
Language: | English |
Published: |
2018
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://repository.publisso.de/resource/frl:6414990 https://doi.org/10.1128/mSphere.00171-18 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6060345/ |
id |
ftleibnizopen:oai:oai.leibnizopen.de:ShY4iIcBdbrxVwz6W-z0 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftleibnizopen:oai:oai.leibnizopen.de:ShY4iIcBdbrxVwz6W-z0 2023-06-06T12:00:04+02:00 Novel Divergent Polar Bear-Associated Mastadenovirus Recovered from a Deceased Juvenile Polar Bear Dayaram, Anisha Tsangaras, Kyriakos Pavulraj, Selvaraj Azab, Walid Groenke, Nicole Wibbelt, Gudrun Sicks, Florian Osterrieder, Nikolaus Greenwood, Alex 2018 https://repository.publisso.de/resource/frl:6414990 https://doi.org/10.1128/mSphere.00171-18 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6060345/ eng eng CC BY 4.0 mSphere, 3(4):e00171-18 polar bear adeno-associated virus evolutionary biology novel virus phylogenetic analysis 2018 ftleibnizopen https://doi.org/10.1128/mSphere.00171-18 2023-04-16T23:21:55Z Polar bears in captivity can be exposed to opportunistic pathogens not present in their natural environments. A 4-month-old polar bear (Ursus maritimus) living in an isolated enclosure with his mother in the Tierpark Berlin, Berlin, Germany, was suffering from severe abdominal pain, mild diarrhea, and loss of appetite and died in early 2017. Histopathology revealed severe hepatic degeneration and necrosis without evidence of inflammation or inclusion bodies, although a viral infection had been suspected on the basis of the clinical signs. We searched for nucleic acids of pathogens by shotgun high-throughput sequencing (HTS) from genomic DNA and cDNA extracted from tissue and blood. We identified a novel Mastadenovirus and assembled a nearly complete genome from the shotgun sequences. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) revealed that viral DNA was present in various concentrations in all tissues examined and that the highest concentrations were found in blood. Viral culture did not yield cytopathic effects, but qPCR suggested that virus replication was sustained for up to three passages. Positive immunofluorescence staining confirmed that the virus was able to replicate in the cells during early passage. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the virus is highly divergent compared to other previously identified Mastadenovirus members and basal to most known viral clades. The virus was found only in the 4-month-old bear and not in other captive polar bears tested. We surmised, therefore, that the polar bear was infected from an unknown reservoir, illustrating that adenoviral diversity remains underestimated and that cross-species transmission of viruses can occur even under conditions of relative isolation. Other/Unknown Material Ursus maritimus LeibnizOpen (The Leibniz Association) mSphere 3 4 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
LeibnizOpen (The Leibniz Association) |
op_collection_id |
ftleibnizopen |
language |
English |
topic |
polar bear adeno-associated virus evolutionary biology novel virus phylogenetic analysis |
spellingShingle |
polar bear adeno-associated virus evolutionary biology novel virus phylogenetic analysis Dayaram, Anisha Tsangaras, Kyriakos Pavulraj, Selvaraj Azab, Walid Groenke, Nicole Wibbelt, Gudrun Sicks, Florian Osterrieder, Nikolaus Greenwood, Alex Novel Divergent Polar Bear-Associated Mastadenovirus Recovered from a Deceased Juvenile Polar Bear |
topic_facet |
polar bear adeno-associated virus evolutionary biology novel virus phylogenetic analysis |
description |
Polar bears in captivity can be exposed to opportunistic pathogens not present in their natural environments. A 4-month-old polar bear (Ursus maritimus) living in an isolated enclosure with his mother in the Tierpark Berlin, Berlin, Germany, was suffering from severe abdominal pain, mild diarrhea, and loss of appetite and died in early 2017. Histopathology revealed severe hepatic degeneration and necrosis without evidence of inflammation or inclusion bodies, although a viral infection had been suspected on the basis of the clinical signs. We searched for nucleic acids of pathogens by shotgun high-throughput sequencing (HTS) from genomic DNA and cDNA extracted from tissue and blood. We identified a novel Mastadenovirus and assembled a nearly complete genome from the shotgun sequences. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) revealed that viral DNA was present in various concentrations in all tissues examined and that the highest concentrations were found in blood. Viral culture did not yield cytopathic effects, but qPCR suggested that virus replication was sustained for up to three passages. Positive immunofluorescence staining confirmed that the virus was able to replicate in the cells during early passage. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the virus is highly divergent compared to other previously identified Mastadenovirus members and basal to most known viral clades. The virus was found only in the 4-month-old bear and not in other captive polar bears tested. We surmised, therefore, that the polar bear was infected from an unknown reservoir, illustrating that adenoviral diversity remains underestimated and that cross-species transmission of viruses can occur even under conditions of relative isolation. |
author |
Dayaram, Anisha Tsangaras, Kyriakos Pavulraj, Selvaraj Azab, Walid Groenke, Nicole Wibbelt, Gudrun Sicks, Florian Osterrieder, Nikolaus Greenwood, Alex |
author_facet |
Dayaram, Anisha Tsangaras, Kyriakos Pavulraj, Selvaraj Azab, Walid Groenke, Nicole Wibbelt, Gudrun Sicks, Florian Osterrieder, Nikolaus Greenwood, Alex |
author_sort |
Dayaram, Anisha |
title |
Novel Divergent Polar Bear-Associated Mastadenovirus Recovered from a Deceased Juvenile Polar Bear |
title_short |
Novel Divergent Polar Bear-Associated Mastadenovirus Recovered from a Deceased Juvenile Polar Bear |
title_full |
Novel Divergent Polar Bear-Associated Mastadenovirus Recovered from a Deceased Juvenile Polar Bear |
title_fullStr |
Novel Divergent Polar Bear-Associated Mastadenovirus Recovered from a Deceased Juvenile Polar Bear |
title_full_unstemmed |
Novel Divergent Polar Bear-Associated Mastadenovirus Recovered from a Deceased Juvenile Polar Bear |
title_sort |
novel divergent polar bear-associated mastadenovirus recovered from a deceased juvenile polar bear |
publishDate |
2018 |
url |
https://repository.publisso.de/resource/frl:6414990 https://doi.org/10.1128/mSphere.00171-18 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6060345/ |
genre |
Ursus maritimus |
genre_facet |
Ursus maritimus |
op_source |
mSphere, 3(4):e00171-18 |
op_rights |
CC BY 4.0 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1128/mSphere.00171-18 |
container_title |
mSphere |
container_volume |
3 |
container_issue |
4 |
_version_ |
1767950550644555776 |